Yintoni iHyperchloremia kunye neHypochloremia, Zinyangwa Njani?

I-chloride yeyona anion iphambili efumaneka kulwelo kunye negazi ngaphandle kweeseli. I-Anion sisahlulo esihlawuliswa kakubi sezinto ezithile ezifana netyuwa yetafile (NaCl) xa inyibilikiswa kulwelo. Amanzi olwandle aphantse abe yi-ion yekloride efanayo nolwelo lomntu.

Ibhalansi ye-ion ye-chloride (Cl - ) zilawulwa ngokusondeleyo ngumzimba. Ukunciphisa kakhulu kwi-chloride kunokuba nemiphumo eyingozi kunye neyokubulala. I-chloride idla ngokulahleka kumchamo, ukubila, kunye nokuphuma kwesisu. Ukubila kakhulu, ukugabha, kunye nokulahlekelwa ngokugqithisileyo kwi-adrenal gland kunye nesifo sezintso kunokwenzeka.

kwinqaku "yintoni i-chlorine ephantsi", "yintoni i-chlorine ephezulu", "zeziphi izizathu zeklorine ephezulu kunye nephantsi egazini", "lunjani unyango lwe-chlorine ephantsi kunye nephezulu egazini" izihloko ezifana

Yintoni i-Chlorine ephantsi egazini?

hypochloremiaukungalingani kwe-electrolyte okwenzeka xa kukho inani eliphantsi lekloridi emzimbeni.

I-Chloride yi-electrolyte. Ukulawula ubungakanani be-fluid emzimbeni kunye nebhalansi ye-pH kwinkqubo isodiyam ve potassium Isebenza kunye nezinye electrolytes ezifana I-chloride isetyenziswa kakhulu njengetyuwa yetafile (i-sodium chloride).

Zeziphi iimpawu zeChlorine ephantsi?

Iimpawu ze-hypochloremiangokuqhelekileyo ayiqatshelwa. Endaweni yoko, zinokuba ziimpawu zolunye ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte okanye imeko ebangela i-hypochloremia.

Iimpawu zeklorini ephantsi imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

– Ilahleko yolwelo

– ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni

– Ubuthathaka okanye ukudinwa

- Ubunzima bokuphefumla

- Urhudo okanye ukugabha okubangelwa kukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni

hypochloremiainokuhamba ne-hyponatremia, isixa esiphantsi sesodium egazini.

Iimbangela zeChlorine ephantsi

Ekubeni amanqanaba e-electrolyte egazini alawulwa zizintso, hypochloremia Ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte, njengengxaki yezintso, kunokubangelwa. 

hypochloremia Isenokubangelwa yiyo nayiphi na kwezi meko zilandelayo:

– Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo

– Urhudo ixesha elide okanye ukugabha

- emphysema izifo zemiphunga ezingapheliyo ezifana

– I-Metabolic alkalosis xa igazi pH liphezulu kunesiqhelo

Ilaxative, i-diureticsIindidi ezithile zamayeza, njenge-corticosteroids kunye ne-bicarbonates, nazo hypochloremiainokubangela.

I-Hypochloremia kunye neKhemotherapy

hypochloremia, Inokubangelwa kunyango lwechemotherapy kunye nokunye ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zechemotherapy zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

– Ukugabha ixesha elide okanye urhudo

- Phuma

- Umlilo

Ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga zinokufaka isandla ekulahlekeni kolwelo. Ukulahleka kolwelo ngokugabha kunye norhudo ukungalingani kwe-electrolyteyintoni enokukhokelela.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-Hypochloremia?

Ugqirha uya kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga inqanaba lekloridi hypochloremiaunokuxilonga. 

Isixa se-chloride egazini silinganiswa njenge-concentration - isixa se-chloride kwii-milliequivalents (mEq) (L) ilitha nganye.

Apha ngezantsi kukho uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwereferensi yegazi chloride. Amaxabiso angaphantsi koluhlu olufanelekileyo lwereferensi hypochloremiaingabonisa:

Abantu abadala: 98–106 mEq/L

Abantwana: 90-110 mEq/L

Iintsana ezisanda kuzalwa: 96-106 mEq/L

Iintsana ezizalwa phambi kwexesha: 95-110 mEq/L

Unyango lwe-Hypochloremia

Ugqirha uya kusebenza ukunyanga ingxaki esisiseko ebangela ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte.

hypochloremia Ukuba kubangelwa iyeza, ugqirha unokulungelelanisa umthamo. hypochloremia Ukuba kungenxa yeengxaki zezintso okanye ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine, ugqirha uya kukuthumela kwingcali.

Unokufumana i-intravenous (IV) fluids, njengesisombululo se-saline esiqhelekileyo, ukuzisa i-electrolytes kumanqanaba aqhelekileyo.

Ugqirha unokuyalela uvavanyo rhoqo lwamanqanaba akho e-electrolyte ngeenjongo zokubeka iliso.

hypochloremia Ukuba ithambile, ngamanye amaxesha inokulungiswa ngotshintsho lokutya.

Yintoni iHyperchloremia?

hyperchloremiakukungalingani kwe-electrolyte okwenzeka xa kukho i-chloride eninzi egazini.

I-Chlorine yi-electrolyte ebalulekileyo ejongene nokugcina ibhalansi ye-asidi-base (pH) emzimbeni, ukulawula ulwelo kunye nokuhambisa i-nerve impulses.

Izintso zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni i-chlorine emzimbeni, ngoko ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte kuyingxaki ngala malungu.

Kwakhona, ukukwazi kwezintso ukugcina ibhalansi yekloride kunokuchatshazelwa zezinye iimeko, ezifana nesifo seswekile okanye ukuphelelwa ngamandla kwamanzi emzimbeni.

Ziziphi iimpawu zeChlorine ephezulu?

hyperchloremiaIimpawu ezibonisa i-shingles zidla ngenxa yesizathu esisisiseko somgangatho ophezulu we-chloride. Amaxesha amaninzi le yi-acidosis, i-acidity egqithisileyo egazini. Iimpawu ze-hyperchloremia inokuquka:

- Ukudinwa

– ubuthathaka kwezihlunu

– unxano olugqithisileyo

– Iinwebu zomfinya ezomileyo

-Uxinzelelo lwegazi

kwabanye abantu iimpawu ze-hyperchloremia ayibonakali. Oku ngamanye amaxesha kuye kungabonakali de kuhlolwe igazi lesiqhelo.

Ziziphi izizathu ze-Chlorine ephezulu egazini?

Njengesodium, i-potassium, kunye nezinye i-electrolytes, ukuxinwa kweklorini emzimbeni wethu kulawulwa ngononophelo zizintso.

Izintso ngamalungu amabini amile okwembotyi abekwe ngezantsi nje kwembambo macala omabini omqolo. Banoxanduva lokucoca igazi kunye nokugcina ukubunjwa kwayo kuzinzile, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle komzimba.

hyperchloremiaYenzeka xa amanqanaba eklorine egazini eba phezulu kakhulu. hyperchloremiaKukho iindlela ezininzi enokwenzeka ngazo. Ezi ziquka:

– Ukuthatha i-saline eninzi kakhulu ngelixa usesibhedlele, njengaxa utyandwa

– urhudo oluqatha

– Isifo sezintso esingapheliyo okanye esiqatha

- Ukungeniswa kwamanzi etyuwa

- Ukutya okuphezulu kakhulu kwetyuwa ekutyeni

- Ityhefu yeBromidi evela kwiziyobisi ezinebromide

- Izintso okanye i-metabolic acidosis yenzeka xa izintso zingayisusi iasidi emzimbeni okanye xa umzimba uthatha iasidi eninzi kakhulu.

– I-alkalosis yokuphefumula, imeko eyenzeka xa inani le-carbon dioxide egazini liphantsi kakhulu (umzekelo, xa umntu ene-hyperventilating)

Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwamayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, asetyenziselwa ukunyanga iglaucoma kunye nezinye iziphazamiso.

Yintoni iHyperchloremic Acidosis?

I-Hyperchloremic acidosis, okanye i-hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, yenzeka xa ilahleko yebicarbonate (alkaline) yenza ibhalansi ye-pH egazini ibe asidi kakhulu (metabolic acidosis).

Ukuphendula, umzimba hyperchloremiaIncamathela kwiklorini, ibangela Kwi-hyperchloremic acidosis, umzimba unokuphulukana nesiseko esininzi okanye ugcine iasidi eninzi.

Isiseko esibizwa ngokuba yi-sodium bicarbonate inceda ukugcina igazi likwi-pH engathathi hlangothi. Ukulahleka kwesodium bicarbonate kunokubangela:

– urhudo oluqatha

-Ukusetyenziswa okungapheliyo kwe-laxative

- Proximal renal tubular acidosis, okuthetha ukuba izintso azikwazi ukufunxa kwakhona ibicarbonate emchameni.

Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide le-carbonic anhydrase inhibitors kunyango lwe-glaucoma, njenge-acetazolamide

– Ukonakala kwezintso

Izizathu ezinokwenzeka zokuziswa kweasidi eninzi egazini ziquka:

– Ukungeniswa ngengozi kwe-ammonium chlorine, i-hydrochloric acid okanye ezinye iityuwa ezine-acidifying (ngamanye amaxesha zifumaneka kwizisombululo ezisetyenziselwa ukutya ngomthambo)

– Ezinye iintlobo ze-acidosis ye-renal tubular

– Ukuthathwa kwesisombululo sesaline kakhulu esibhedlele

Ifunyaniswa njani i-Hyperchloremia?

hyperchloremia Ngokuqhelekileyo kufunyaniswa ngovavanyo olwaziwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwegazi lwe-chloride. Olu vavanyo ludla ngokuba yinxalenye yephaneli enkulu yemetabolism enokuthi iodolwe ngugqirha.

Iphaneli yemetabolism ilinganisa amanqanaba ee-electrolyte ezahlukeneyo egazini:

– Ikhabhon diokside okanye ibhicarbonate

-Kloridi

– Potassium

-Sodium

Amanqanaba eklorini aqhelekileyo kubantu abadala akuluhlu lwe-98–107 mEq/L. Ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lubonisa inqanaba leklorine ephezulu kune-107 mEq/L, hyperchloremia kuthetha ukuba kukho.

Kule meko, ugqirha unokuvavanya umchamo we-chlorine kunye namanqanaba eswekile yegazi ukuze abone ukuba unesifo seswekile. Uhlalutyo olulula lwe-urinalysis lunokunceda ukufumanisa iingxaki ngezintso.

Unyango lweHyperchloremia

hyperchloremia Unyango loku luya kuxhomekeka kunobangela wale meko:

– Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, unyango luya kubandakanya ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi.

- Ukuba uthathe i-saline eninzi kakhulu, unikezelo lwe-saline luyamiswa de ube uchache.

- Ukuba amayeza akho abangela iingxaki, ugqirha wakho unokutshintsha okanye ayeke iyeza.

- Ngengxaki yezintso, i-nephrologist iya kukuthumela kugqirha ojongene nempilo yezintso. Ukuba imeko yakho imbi kakhulu, i-dialysis ingafuneka ukuze kuhluzwe igazi endaweni yezintso.

- I-Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis inokunyangwa ngesiseko esibizwa ngokuba yi-sodium bicarbonate.

Abo bane-hyperchloremiakufuneka ugcine umzimba wakho umanzi. Kuphephe i-caffeine kunye notywala, njengoko oku kunokwenza ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kube nzima.

Ziziphi iingxaki zeHyperchloremia?

emzimbeni iklorine engaphezulukunokuba yingozi kakhulu ngenxa yokudibanisa ne-asidi ephezulu kunesiqhelo egazini. Ukuba ayiphathwa ngokukhawuleza, kunokukhokelela ekubeni:

- Ilitye lezintso

– Ukuthintela ukukwazi ukuphilisa ukuba ukwenzakala kwezintso

- Ukungaphumeleli kwezintso

– iingxaki zentliziyo

– Iingxaki zezihlunu

– Iingxaki zethambo

– isiqaqa

- Ukufa

Ukuthintela njani i-Hyperchloremia?

hyperchloremia, ngakumbi Isifo sika-Addison Ukuba ibangelwa yimeko yonyango efana hyperchloremia Ezinye izicwangciso ezinokuba luncedo kubantu abasemngciphekweni wokuba nesifo seswekile ziquka:

- hyperchloremiaUkuthetha nogqirha malunga namayeza anokubangela

- hyperchloremiaIziphumo zeziyobisi ezinokubangela Umzekelo, xa umntu eziva ephelelwe ngamanzi, unokusela amanzi amaninzi.

– Ukutya ukutya okunesondlo kunye nokuphepha izithintelo zokutya ezigqithisileyo.

– Ukuthatha amayeza eswekile njengoko kumiselwe ngugqirha.

Kubantu abasempilweni hyperchloremia inqabile kakhulu. Ukusela ulwelo olwaneleyo kunye nokuphepha ukuthathwa kwetyuwa eninzi kunokuthintela oku kungalingani kwe-electrolyte.