Iyini I-Dengue Fever? Izimpawu Nokwelashwa

umkhuhlane wodengaukutheleleka ngegciwane okubangelwa igciwane lodenga (DENV) elisakazwa omiyane bohlobo lwe-Aedes. Lezi zimiyane zibangela i-chikungunya fever kanye nesifo se-Zika.

Cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-400 emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka umkhuhlane wodengaubanjwe. I-World Health Organization ithi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2,5 emhlabeni wonke basengozini yalesi sifo, ikakhulukazi izingane ezihlala emazweni ashisayo nashisayo. 

Ucwaningo olushicilelwe lwathola ukuthi udenga lugcwele emazweni angaphezu kuka-140 e-United States, e-Asia, e-Afrika nasempumalanga yeMedithera.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-dengue fever?

Lesi sifo sibangelwa igciwane lodenga kanye nohlobo lwe-flavivirus, okuyingxenye yomndeni wakwaFlaviviridae. Kunezinhlobo ezine ze-serotypes zegciwane ezibangela ikakhulukazi udenga: i-DENV-1, i-DENV-2, i-DENV-3 ne-DENV-4. 

Kufika izikhathi ezine empilweni yomuntu umkhuhlane wodengaangabanjwa.

Igciwane lodenga lisakazwa kanjani?

Ukusulelana kwegciwane lodenga kuphakama ngesikhathi sezimvula, ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphansi kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Izindlela igciwane elidluliselwa ngayo kubantu zimi kanje:

• Omiyane be-Female Aedes omiyane abadinga igazi ukuze bakhiqize amaqanda. umkhuhlane wodenga iba umthwali wegciwane ngokuluma umuntu onaleli gciwane. Emzimbeni wabo, leli gciwane liphindaphindeka phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-8-12 futhi lisakazekele ezicutshini zomzimba njengezindlala zamathe.
• Lapho labomiyane abanaleli gciwane beluma omunye umuntu ophile kahle, leli gciwane lidluliselwa egazini. Ibanga ukutheleleka kodenga.
• Uma umuntu eseluleme ekuthelelekeni kodenga, akakwazi ukuzivikela ku-serotype yodenga ebangele ukutheleleka impilo yakhe yonke. 
• Kodwa umuntu usamile umkhuhlane wodengaingangenwa yi-serotypes esele ye 
• Futhi, uma ukutheleleka nge-coinfection yinoma yimaphi ama-serotypes amathathu asele kwenzeka ngokushesha ngemva kokululama ku-serotype eyodwa, umuntu angase abhekane nobunzima obukhulu. umkhuhlane wodenga engozini yokuthuthukiswa.

Ezinye izindlela zokudlulisa udenga zimi kanje:

• Izinaliti ezinegciwane.
• Ukususwa kwegazi elinegciwane.
• Ukutheleleka nge-Transplacental kusuka kumama okhulelwe kuya kosanda kuzalwa.
• Ukufakelwa isitho noma izicubu.

Yiziphi izimpawu zomkhuhlane wodenga?

Isikhathi sokufukamela lesi sifo izinsuku ezingu-4-8. Kungase kube neziguli ezingenazimpawu, kodwa zingabonakala ngezindlela ezinzima ezifana nomkhuhlane omncane kanye nomkhuhlane wodenga.

Abantu abanezimpawu ezithambile ngokuvamile bayalulama zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-10. umkhuhlane wodengaizimpawu ezithambile zifana nomkhuhlane futhi zihlanganisa: 

• Ukushisa okukhulu okungazelelwe okungama-degree angama-40.
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ukuphalaza kanye nesicanucanu
• Ubuhlungu bomphimbo
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha, amathambo namalunga
• izindlala ezivuvukele
• ukuqubuka
• ubuhlungu ngemuva kwamehlo

Izimpawu ezibucayi zalesi sifo zimi kanje:

• Ukuvuza kwe-plasma (i-dengue hemorrhage fever)
• Ukopha ezinsinini nasemakhaleni
• ukuhlanza okuqhubekayo
• i-dengue shock syndrome
• ubunzima bokuphefumula
• ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu
• igazi emchameni
• Ukukhathala
• Ukucasuka

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zomkhuhlane wodenga?

IJografi: Ukuhlala noma ukuya ezindaweni ezishisayo njengaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, iziqhingi zaseCaribbean, i-Afrika, i-Indian Subcontinent.

Ubudala: Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-3-4 kanye nabantu abadala basengozini enkulu. 

Ukutheleleka kwangaphambilini: Ukutheleleka kwangaphambili nge-serotype eyodwa yegciwane lodenga kwandisa ingozi yokuhlangana nenye i-serotype.

Izifo Ezingamahlalakhona: isifo sikashukela i-mellitus, isifuba somoya, I-sickle cell anemia ve isilonda se-peptic izimo ezithile ezingamahlalakhona, njenge

I-Gene: Umlando wofuzo lomsingathi.

Yiziphi izinkinga ze-dengue fever?

Isifo sodenga esingalashiwe noma esinzima singabangela izinkinga ezifana nalezi:

• I-Encephalitis ne-Encephalopathy.
• Ukwehluleka kwezitho eziningi.
• I-Meningitis
• Ukukhubazeka
• ukufa

Itholakala kanjani i-dengue fever?

Kunzima ukuxilonga lesi sifo. Ngoba izimpawu nezimpawu ngokuvamile kuba umalaleveva, typhoid ve i-leptospirosis ngokufanayo nezinye izifo. Izindlela ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Virological: Ukuhlola okufana ne-reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) kwenziwa ukuze kutholwe izingxenye zegciwane.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-serological: Ukuhlolwa okufana nokuhlolwa kwe-enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) kwenziwa ukuze kutholwe amasosha omzimba akhiqizwa ukuphendula igciwane lodenga.

Qaphela: Lokhu kuhlola kunikeza imiphumela efanele uma kwenziwa phakathi nesonto lokuqala lokutheleleka.

Ukwelashwa kodenga

Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwalesi sifo. Lesi simo siphathwa ngokunakekelwa okusekelayo okulandelwa ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwesimo, kuye ngobunzima besibonakaliso esiqhubekayo. Ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha lesi sifo zihlanganisa:

Ukufakwa kwe-Fluid: Ithathwa ngomthambo noma ngomlomo ngokuqondile ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni futhi isuse igciwane lodenga ohlelweni.

Ukumpontshelwa kwemikhiqizo yegazi: I-plasma entsha eqandisiwe inikezwa ukwandisa inani leplatelet emzimbeni.

I-CPAP yamakhala: Ukuze uthuthukise izimpawu zokuhluleka kokuphefumula okukhulu.

Imithi: NjengeCorticosteroids neCarbazochrome sodium sulfonate.

Imithi yokugomela udenga

Ngokocwaningo olushicilelwe kujenali Vaccines ngoFebhuwari 2, 2020, okwamanje umkhuhlane wodengaKunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zemithi yokugoma etholakalayo. Lena umuthi wokugomela bukhoma oncishisiwe (i-LAV), umgomo we-DNA, umuthi wokugoma ongacushiwe (IV), umgomo we-viral vectored (VVV), kanye nomuthi wokugoma we-recombinant subunit (RSV).

Ngayinye isesivivinyweni somtholampilo futhi inezinkinga ezithile. Izifundo ngale ndaba zisaqhubeka.

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