Yiziphi izifo ezidluliselwa imikhaza?

Imikhaza izimuncagazi ezingaphansi kwesigaba i-Arachnida futhi zidla igazi lezilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni, izilwane ezihlala emanzini nasemanzini kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Atholakala ngamasayizi ahlukahlukene. Inemilenze eyisishiyagalombili futhi ingahluka ngombala ukusuka kokunsundu kuye kokubomvu-nsundu kuya kokumnyama. Imikhaza ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezifudumele nezinomswakama. Ukulunywa kwalezi zilwane ngokuvamile akunangozi, kodwa eminye imikhaza ithwala izifo ezidluliselwa kubantu lapho iluma, okubangela izimpawu eziningi. Izifo ezisakazwa imikhaza zivame kakhulu eNdiya nase-United States. Ezweni lakithi, ikakhulukazi ngokushisa kwesimo sezulu, ezinye izifo zitholakala ngenxa yokulunywa kwemikhaza kwezinye izifunda. Ezinye zazo ziphumela ekufeni. Manje ake sibheke izifo ezisakazwa imikhaza emhlabeni wonke.

Ziyini izifo ezithwalwa umkhaza?

1. I-Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD)

Isifo sehlathi i-Kyasanur isifo esiqhamuka kabusha se-zoonotic esithwala imikhaza esibangelwa imikhaza ye-H. spinigera kanye ne-H. turturis, ehlasela abesilisa nezinkawu. Lesi sifo satholwa ngo-1957 endaweni yehlathi laseKyasanur esifundeni saseShimoga eKarnataka.

2. Isifo seLyme

Isifo esivame kakhulu esithwala imikhaza yisifo seLyme. Isifo seLymeIdluliselwa kubantu ngokulunywa imikhaza yenyamazane enemilenze emnyama. Lesi sifo sinomthelela omubi ebuchosheni, ohlelweni lwezinzwa, inhliziyo, imisipha namalunga.

3. I-Rocky mountain spotted fever

Lesi sifo, esigama laso langempela i-rock mountain spotted fever, isifo esibangelwa amagciwane esisakazwa imikhaza. Kungabangela ukulimala okungapheli ezithweni zangaphakathi njengenhliziyo nezinso. Izimpawu ze-Rocky Mountain spotted fever yikhanda elibuhlungu elibuhlungu kanye nokushisa okukhulu. Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States.

4. I-Colorado tick fever

Ukutheleleka ngegciwane okusakazeka ngokulunywa umkhaza wokhuni onegciwane. Izimpawu ze-Colorado tick fever zihlanganisa umkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, nokubandayo. Lesi sifo sidlange kakhulu esifundazweni saseColorado, nesibalo esiphezulu samacala abikwayo phakathi kukaFebhuwari no-Okthoba, kanti amacala angu-90% abikwa phakathi kuka-Ephreli noJulayi.

5. I-Tularemia

Kuyisifo esithathelwanayo esingavamile esihlasela kakhulu izilwane ezincelisayo. Ingasakazeka kubantu ngomkhaza othelelekile kanye nokuchayeka esilwaneni esinegciwane. Izimpawu ze-Tularemia ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi amagciwane angena kuphi emzimbeni.

6. I-Erlichiosis

Imikhaza yenkanyezi iyodwa ibangela lesi sifo esibangelwa amagciwane, esidala izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane ezifana nesifo sohudo, ubuhlungu, nomkhuhlane. Imikhaza yenkanyezi eyodwa ijwayelekile eNingizimu-mpumalanga naseNingizimu Maphakathi ne-United States.

7. Babesiosis

I-Babesiosis isifo esiyisinambuzane esivame ukudluliselwa ngokulunywa kwemikhaza. Izimpawu zihlanganisa ukugodola, ubuhlungu bemisipha, ukukhathala, ukushisa okukhulu, ubuhlungu besisu, njll. iyatholakala. Kuvame kakhulu eNew York, eNgilandi, eWisconsin, eMinnesota naseNew Jersey.

8. Umkhuhlane ovamile

Imfiva ephindaphindayo isifo esisakazwa uhlobo oluthile lomkhaza. Izimpawu zihlanganisa ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukugodola, ukuhlanza, ukukhwehlela, intamo noma ubuhlungu bamehlo, kanye nesifo sohudo. Izimo eziningi zemfiva ephindaphindayo zenzeka engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye-United States.

9. I-anaplasmosis ye-granulocytic yomuntu

I-human granulocytic anaplasmosis isifo se-rickettsial esithwala umkhaza esidluliselwa kubantu ngemikhaza ye-Ixodes ricinus species complex. Izimpawu zihlanganisa ukuhlanza, isicanucanu, ikhanda elibuhlungu kanye nomkhuhlane.

10. Thika ukukhubazeka

Ukukhubazeka komkhaza kubangela ukuntweza nokuba ndikindiki emzimbeni wonke ngenxa yokulunywa umkhaza. Uma singelashwa, lesi sifo singathinta amaphaphu.

11. I-encephalitis ethwala umkhaza

Isakazwa ngokulunywa kwemikhaza enamagciwane ezindaweni ezihlala amahlathi. I-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza ithinta isimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi futhi ibangele izimpawu ezifana nekhanda elibuhlungu, ukukhathala, imfiva kanye nesicanucanu.

12. I-Powassan encephalitis

I-Powassan encephalitis yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa ukulunywa komkhaza. Kuyisifo esingajwayelekile esidala ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, ulwelwesi oluzungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla.

13. I-Boutonneuse fever

Ibangelwa i-Rickettsia conorii futhi idluliselwa yinja yetick Rhipcephalus sanguineus. I-Boutonneuse fever yisifo esingavamile futhi sitholakala kakhulu emazweni aseMedithera.

14. I-Baggio-Yoshinari syndrome

I-Baggio-Yoshinari syndrome yisifo esidluliselwa umkhaza we-Amblyomma cajennense. Izici zomtholampilo zalesi sifo zifana nesifo seLyme.

15. Umkhuhlane we-hemorrhagic eCrimean-Congo

Kuwumkhuhlane we-viral hemorrhagic fever odluliselwa kubantu ngokulunywa umkhaza noma ukuthintana nezicubu zezilwane ezinegciwane. Umkhuhlane we-hemorrhagic fever eCrimean-Congo uvamile e-Afrika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, e-Asia nasemazweni aseBalkan.

16. Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection

Ukutheleleka kwe-Ehrlichiosis ewingii kusatshalaliswa kubantu ngomkhaza wenkanyezi eyodwa ebizwa ngokuthi i-Amblyomma americanum. Lo mkhaza waziwa nangokuthi udlulisa i-Ehrlichia chaffeensis, igciwane elibangela i-monocytic ehrlichiosis yomuntu.

17. Isifo sokuqubuka esihambisana nomkhaza

Inkanyezi eyodwa ibangelwa ukulunywa umkhaza, futhi ukuqubuka kuvame ukuvela ezinsukwini ezingu-7 ngemva kokulunywa komkhaza. Ikhula ibe ngu-8 cm noma ngaphezulu ububanzi. Izimpawu ezihambisanayo wumkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukukhathala nobuhlungu bemisipha.

Ingabe izifo ezithwalwa umkhaza zingelashwa?

Ama-antibiotics angaselapha lesi sifo uma sitholakala kusenesikhathi.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukulunywa komkhaza?

• Susa utshani obude futhi unqume izihlahla ezizungeze indlu.
• Guna utshani bakho njalo.
• Gcoba ukhilimu oxosha izinambuzane esikhumbeni esisobala lapho uphumela ngaphandle.
• Zomisa izingubo esomisini esishisa kakhulu okungenani imizuzu eyi-10 ukuze ubulale imikhaza uma inamathele ezingutsheni zakho.
• Hlola isikhumba sesilwane sakho esifuywayo ukuze uthole imikhaza.

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