Umxholo wenqaku
Abanye abantu ukuphazamiseka kokutya Basenokukujonga njengendlela yokuphila, kodwa eneneni zizigulo ezinzulu zengqondo. Ichaphazela abantu ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokwengqondo nangokwentlalo kwaye inokuba neziphumo ezisongela ubomi.
Ukuphazamiseka kokutya ngoku ivunyiwe ngokusemthethweni njengokuphazamiseka kwengqondo yi-"Diagnostic and Numerical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM).
Izigidi zamadoda namabhinqa ehlabathini lonke zinexesha elithile ebomini bazo ingxaki yokutya waphila okanye uya kuphila. Umahluko unokubonwa kwinqaku ukuphazamiseka kokutyaiya kukhankanywa kwaye ulwazi malunga nokuphazamiseka kwesondlo Kuya kunikwa.
Yintoni i-Eating Disorders?
Ukuphazamiseka kokutyayimeko ebonakaliswa kwindlela yokutya engaqhelekanga okanye ephazamisayo. Oku kudla ngokubangelwa kukutya, ubunzima bomzimba okanye ubume bomzimba kwaye kudla ngokukhokelela kwiingxaki zempilo. Kwezinye iimeko ukuphazamiseka kokutya kusenokubangela nokufa.
unengxaki yokutya Umntu ngamnye unokuba neempawu ezahlukeneyo. Izithintelo eziqatha zenzeka ngenxa yendlela yokuziphatha engafanelekanga njengokunciphisa ukutya, ukuhlanza, okanye ukuzilolonga ngokugqithisileyo.
Ukuphazamiseka kokutyaNangona inokuchaphazela abantu baso nasiphi na isini kulo naliphi na inqanaba lobomi, iyenzeka kakhulu kulutsha nakumabhinqa aselula. Enyanisweni, i-13% yabaselula ubuncinane omnye ngeminyaka engama-20. ingxaki yokutya esebenzayo.
Yintoni Ebangela Ukungatyi?
Iingcali, ukuphazamiseka kokutyaBacinga ukuba inokubangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo. Enye yazo lufuzo.
Izifundo zamawele kunye nokwamkelwa komntwana ojonge amawele ahlulwe ekuzalweni aze amkelwe ziintsapho ezahlukeneyo, ukuphazamiseka kokutyaBafumene ubungqina bokuba inokuba lilifa.
Olu hlobo lophando lubonisa ukuba elinye lamawele ingxaki yokutya yabonisa ukuba elinye iwele lalinethuba elingama-50% lokuphuhlisa esi sifo ngokubanzi.
Iimpawu zobuntu zinesinye isizathu. Ngokukodwa, i-neuroticism, imfezeko, kunye nokunyanzeliswa ziimpawu ezintathu zobuntu kwaye rhoqo ingxaki yokutya kwandisa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa
Abanye oonobangela kukhetho lwenkcubeko, ukubhitya, kunye nembono yokuba buthathaka ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwamajelo eendaba. Abanye ukuphazamiseka kwesondloakakho ubukhulu becala kwiinkcubeko ezingavezwanga kwiimbono zaseNtshona zokucokisa.
Noko ke, iingcamango ezamkelwa ngokwezithethe zokusulungekisa zixhaphakile kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. Noko ke, kwamanye amazwe, bambalwa abantu ingxaki yokutya iyaphuhla. Ngoko oku mhlawumbi yimpazamo yezinto ezininzi.
Kutshanje, iingcali ziye zacebisa ukuba iyantlukwano kubume bobuchopho kunye nebhayoloji ukuphazamiseka kokutyaicebise ukuba inokudlala indima kuphuhliso lwe Ngokukodwa, i-serotonin kwingqondo kunye i-dopamine amanqanaba anokuba yenye yezi zinto.
Iziphazamiso zokuTya eziqhelekileyo
I-Anorexia Nervosa
i-anorexia nervosa, mhlawumbi eyona yaziwayo ingxaki yokutyaYeka. Idla ngokukhula xa umntu efikisa okanye ebudaleni kwaye idla ngokuchaphazela abasetyhini abaninzi kunamadoda.
Abantu abane-anorexia badla ngokuzifumana betyebe kakhulu; Badla ngokuhlala bejonga ubunzima babo, baphephe ukutya okuthile, kwaye banciphise kakhulu iikhalori zabo. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezinxulumene ne-anorexia nervosa ziquka:
-Ukuba nomzimba omncinci kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abaneminyaka efanayo kunye nobude.
– Ukutya okulinganiselweyo kakhulu.
-Ukuziphatha okuzingisayo kunye noloyiko lokufumana ubunzima ukuze ugweme ukufumana ubunzima nangona ungabikho kakhulu.
-Uzama ngokungapheliyo ukunciphisa umzimba ukuba ube mncinci, ukuba kude nokwehla kobunzima obunempilo.
- Ukubeka ubunzima bomzimba entloko.
-Umfanekiso womzimba ogqwethekileyo, kubandakanywa nokukhanyela ukuba ungaphantsi kakhulu.
Iimpawu zokunyanzeliswa kwe-Obsessive-compulsive nazo zihlala zikhona. Ngokomzekelo, abantu abaninzi abane<em>anorexia bazixakekisa ngokusoloko becinga ngokutya, yaye abanye basenokuthi ngokugqithisileyo benze izinto ezifana nokupheka okanye ukugcina ukutya.
Abantu abanjalo basenokuba nobunzima ekutyeni kwindawo kawonke-wonke okanye kwindawo exineneyo, yaye basenokuba nomnqweno onamandla wokulawula indawo abahlala kuyo baze banciphise ubuchule babo bokwexeshana.
Kukho iindidi ezimbini ze-anorexia - ukutya okungqongqo kunye nokutya kakhulu. Abantu abanohlobo oluthintelweyo banciphisa ubunzima ngokulula ngokutya, ukuzila ukutya, okanye umthambo ogqithisileyo.
Umntu otya kakhulu nokuzinkcinkca unokutya ukutya okuninzi okanye atye kancinci kakhulu. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, bahlambulula imizimba yabo ngokugabha emva kokuba betyile, besebenzisa i-laxatives okanye i-diuretics, okanye ngokwenza imisebenzi efana nomthambo ogqithisileyo.
I-Anorexia inokuba yingozi kakhulu emzimbeni. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iimeko ezinjengokuncipha kwamathambo, ubudlolo, kunye nokuqhekeka kweenwele kunye nezikhonkwane kunokwenzeka kubantu abahlala nayo.
Kwiimeko ezinzima, kunokukhokelela kwi-anorexia, intliziyo, ingqondo okanye ukusilela kwamalungu amaninzi, kunye nokufa.
Bulimia Nervosa
i-bulimia nervosayenye ingxaki yokutya eyaziwayo. Kanye njenge-anorexia, i-bulimia ithande ukukhula ngexesha lokufikisa kunye nokuba mdala kwaye ayixhaphakanga phakathi kwamadoda kunabasetyhini. Abantu abanebulimia batya ukutya okuninzi ngexesha nje elifutshane.
Isiqendu ngasinye sokuzinkcinkca sidla ngokuhlala de kube buhlungu. Ngaphezu koko, xa ubani ezinkcinkca ngokufuthi uziva engakwazi ukuyeka ukutya okanye ukulawula indlela atya ngayo.
Ukutya ngokugqithisileyo kunokubandakanya naluphi na uhlobo lokutya, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kukutya okungafanelekanga ukuba umntu akutye ngokuqhelekileyo.
Abantu abane-bulimia emva koko bazama ukwenza iikhalori ezisetyenzisiweyo kwaye bafumane isiqabu kukukhathazeka kwamathumbu. Ukuziphatha okuqhelekileyo okukhuphayo kubandakanya ukugabha ngenkani, ukuzila ukutya, i-laxatives, i-diuretics, i-enemas, kunye nokuzilolonga ngokugqithisileyo.
Iimpawu zinokubonakala zifana kakhulu ne-anorexia nervosa yokutya kakhulu. Noko ke, abantu abane<em>bulimia ngokuqhelekileyo banobunzima obuqhelekileyo kunobuncinane.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-bulimia nervosa ziquka:
-Iziqendu eziphindaphindiweyo zokugqithisa ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nemvakalelo yokungabikho kolawulo.
-Iziqendu eziphindaphindiweyo zokuziphatha okungafanelekanga okukhuphayo ukukhusela ubunzima.
-Idabi lokuzibamba elichaphazela kakhulu isimo somzimba kunye nobunzima.
– Ukoyika ukufumana ubunzima nangona ubunzima obuqhelekileyo.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze<em>bulimia kukukrala komqala obuhlungu, ukudumba kwedlala lamathe, ukukhukuliseka kwe-enamel yezinyo, ukubola kwamazinyo, ukurhawuzelela, ukucaphuka kwamathumbu, ukuphelelwa ngamandla kwamanzi emzimbeni kunye nokuphazamiseka kwehomoni.
Kwiimeko ezinzima, i-bulimia inokudala ukungalingani kumanqanaba omzimba we-electrolytes njenge-sodium, i-potassium, kunye ne-calcium. Oku kunokubangela istroke okanye isifo sentliziyo.
Ukuzinkcinkca ngoKutya
Namhlanje, ngakumbi e-USA, eyona ixhaphakileyo ukuphazamiseka kokutyaKucingelwa ukuba yenye ye ingxaki yokutya kakhulu Ngokuqhelekileyo iqala ebusheni nasebudaleni kodwa inokukhula kamva ebomini.
Abantu abanesi sifo baneempawu ezifanayo nezo zine-bulimia okanye i-anorexia ngokutya ukutya okuncinci.
Ngokomzekelo, ukutya ukutya okuninzi ngokungaqhelekanga kangangexesha elifutshane ngentelekiso ngoxa uziva uswele ukulawula.
Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo neziphazamiso ezimbini zangaphambili, abantu abanengxaki yokutya ngokugqithisileyo abathinteli iikhalori okanye babandakanyeke kwimikhwa ye-excretory efana nokuhlanza okanye umthambo ogqithisileyo ukuze bahlawule ukutya kwabo.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokuphazamiseka kokutya ziquka:
– Ukutya ukutya okuninzi ngokukhawuleza de isisu sihluthe ngokungakhululekiyo, nangona umntu engaziva elambile.
– Ukuziva ukusilela kolawulo ngexesha lokutya.
-Iimvakalelo zoxinzelelo, ezinje ngehlazo, ukuzonda, okanye ukuziva unetyala, xa ucinga ngokutya ngokutya.
-Akukho ukusetyenziswa kokuziphatha okuhlanjululwayo okunjengokuthintelwa kwekhalori, ukugabha, umthambo ogqithisileyo, okanye ukusebenzisa i-laxatives okanye i-diuretics ukubuyisela ukutya.
Abantu abanengxaki yokutya ngokugqithisileyo badla ngokutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo okanye batyebe ngokugqithiseleyo. Oku kunokunyusa umngcipheko weengxaki zonyango ezinxulumene nokukhuluphala, njengesifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, kunye nohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile.
Ukuphazamiseka kokutya kwePica
IPika isanda kukhutshwa yiDSM. ingxaki yokutya Yimeko entsha ngokupheleleyo.
Abantu abanepica batya izinto ezingezokutya ezifana nomkhenkce, ubumdaka, umhlaba, itshokhwe, isepha, iphepha, iinwele, ilaphu, uboya, igrabile, into yokuhlamba impahla.
I-Pica ingenzeka kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana kunye nolutsha. Ngako oko, esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana, abafazi abakhulelweyo, kunye nabantu abakhubazekileyo ngokwasengqondweni.
Abantu abanengxaki yokutya i-pica banokuba semngciphekweni wokutyhefwa, usulelo, ukwenzakala emathunjini, kunye nokusilela kwezondlo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifakwe kuyo, i-pica inokubulala.
I-Rumination Disorder
Ukuphazamiseka kokutya, into esanda kuqatshelwa ingxaki yokutyaYeka. Yimeko yokuba umntu abuyise ukutya ebekuhlafunile nabekuginye ngaphambili, akuhlafune aphinde akuginye.
Ukutshatyalaliswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka kwimizuzu yokuqala engama-30 emva kokutya kwaye okokuzithandela.
Esi sifo sinokuvela ebuntwaneni, ebuntwaneni, okanye ebudaleni. Ithanda ukukhula kubantwana abaphakathi kweenyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezili-12 kwaye iyazihambela yodwa.
Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abanale meko basoloko befuna unyango lokuyicombulula.
Ukuba ingxaki ayisonjululwanga kwiintsana, inokubangela i-arrhythmia, ukulahleka kwesisindo kunye neengxaki ezinzulu ezinokubulala. ukungondlekiinokubangela a.
Abantu abadala abanale ngxaki banokuwunciphisa ngakumbi umlinganiselo wokutya abakutyayo. Oku kunokubangela ukuba banciphise umzimba.
Ukuphepha / Ukuthintelwa kweSifo sokuThatha ukutya
Ukuthintela/kuthintelwe ukuphazamiseka kokutya (ARFID) ligama elitsha lengxaki endala. Enyanisweni, ithatha indawo yoxilongo olusekwe ngaphambili kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka esixhenxe, eyaziwa ngokuba "yiintsana kunye nokuphazamiseka kokutya komntwana."
I-ARFID idla ngokukhula ebuntwaneni okanye ebuntwaneni, kodwa inokuqhubekeka ibe ngumntu omdala. Ixhaphake ngokulinganayo kumadoda nabasetyhini.
Abantu abanesi sifo bayala ukutya ngenxa yokuba bengenamdla wokutya okanye bengawathandi amavumba, izinto ezicatshuliweyo, imibala, indlela asele ngayo okanye amaqondo obushushu.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-ARFID ziquka:
- Ukuphepha okanye ukunciphisa ukutya okuthintela umntu ekutyeni iikhalori ezaneleyo okanye izondlo.
– Imikhwa echaphazela ukusebenza kwentlalo eqhelekileyo, njengokutya nabanye.
– Uphuhliso olulambathayo lobudala kunye nobude.
– Ukunqongophala kwezondlo okanye ukuxhomekeka kwizongezo okanye kwiityhubhu yokutya.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-ARFID igqitha ngaphaya kokuziphatha okuqhelekileyo okuphuhlayo okunjengokutya okukhethiweyo kwiintsana ezincinci okanye ukutya okuncinci kubantu abadala.
Ezinye Iziphazamiso Zokutya
ngaphezulu kwesithandathu kwingxaki yokutya Ukongeza, into encinci eyaziwayo okanye engaqhelekanga ukuphazamiseka kokutya zikwakhona. Ezi ngokuqhelekileyo zahlulwa zibe lunye lwezintlu ezintathu:
ukuphazamiseka kokurhoxisa
Abantu abanale ngxaki bahlala benemikhwa yokucoca efana nokuhlanza, i-laxatives, i-diuretics, okanye umthambo ogqithisileyo wokulawula ubunzima babo okanye imilo.
ebusuku ukutya syndrome
ebusuku ukutya syndrome Abantu abanesifo seswekile badla ngokutya kakhulu emva kokuvuka ebuthongweni.
I-EDNOS
Ukuphazamiseka kokutyaIbandakanya ezinye iimeko ezinokuthi zibe neempawu ezifanayo kodwa azingeni kulo naluphi na udidi olungentla.
Esinye isifo esiwela phantsi kwe-EDNOS yi-orthorexia nervosa. Ikhankanywa kakhulu kumajelo eendaba kunye nophando lwezenzululwazi, i-orthorexia nervosa liqumrhu elahlukileyo elavunywa ngokusemthethweni yi-DSM yangoku. ingxaki yokutya kufuneka yaziwe njenge
I-Orthorexia nervosa Abantu abagula ngengqondo badla ngokugxila kakhulu ekutyeni okusempilweni; Bathe phithi kukutya okusempilweni de kuphazamise ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla.
Ngokomzekelo, umntu ochaphazelekayo unokungawahoyi onke amaqela okutya ngenxa yokoyika ukungabi sempilweni. Oku kunokukhokelela ekungondleki, ukwehla kobunzima obukhulu, ubunzima bokutya ngaphandle kwekhaya, kunye noxinzelelo lweemvakalelo.
Unyango lweZiphazamiso zokutya
Ngenxa yobukhali kunye nobunzima beemeko, ukuphazamiseka kokutyaIqela lonyango elinobuchule obukhethekileyo
Izicwangciso zonyango zisetyenziselwa ukujongana neenkxalabo ezininzi indoda okanye owasetyhini anokuthi ajongane nazo ekuphuculeni impilo kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwaye zihlala zilungiselelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomntu ngamnye.
Unyango lweengxaki zokutyaIindlela ezisetyenziswayo zezi:
Ukhathalelo lwezonyango kunye nokuBeka iliso
Unyango lweengxaki zokutyainkxalabo enkulu kwi ingxaki yokutya ukujongana nayo nayiphi na imiba yempilo enokuba sisiphumo sokuziphatha kwabo.
Isondlo
Kuya kubandakanya isikhokelo sokutya okuqhelekileyo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwesicwangciso sokutya somntu.
Unyango
Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwengqondo, njengomntu, usapho, okanye iqela ukuphazamiseka kokutyaInokunceda ukulungisa oonobangela.
Unyango luyingxenye yonyango olusisiseko njengoko lunika umntu ithuba lokujongana kunye nokubuyisela kwiziganeko zobomi ezibuhlungu ngexesha lenkqubo yokubuyisela kunye nokufunda izakhono zokuhlangabezana nempilo kunye neendlela zokubonisa iimvakalelo, ukuthetha nokugcina ubudlelwane obunempilo.
Amayeza
Amanye amachiza anjalo ingxaki yokutyaukuguquka kwemizwelo okanye ixhala Inokusebenza ekudambiseni iimpawu okanye ekunciphiseni ukutya kakhulu kunye nokucoca indlela yokuziphatha.
Ngenxa yoko;
Ukuphazamiseka kokutyakukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okunemiphumo emibi emzimbeni nangokweemvakalelo. Ukuphazamiseka kokutyaUkuba unomntu onjalo okanye omaziyo, ukuphazamiseka kokutya Funa uncedo kwigcisa lezempilo eligqwesileyo
Amanqaku ekufanele uwafunde
