Yintoni ityiphus? Iimpawu, oonobangela kunye noNyango

Typhus, ngamanye amazwi umkhuhlane ochophayo kukho ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Ibe sesinye sezona zifo ziyingozi kwimbali, ngakumbi ngamaxesha emfazwe. ubhubhani wetyphus Yabhalwa okokuqala ngexesha lokungqinga komkhosi waseSpain iGranada ngo-1489.

Ngelo xesha, isifo setyphusIye yabhalwa kwiindawo ezithile zehlabathi, njengaseMpuma Afrika, eAsia, nakwimimandla ethile kuMbindi noMzantsi Merika.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, azikho izitofu zokugonya ezaziwayo zokunyanga nokuthintela esi sifo, ngaphandle kweendlela eziphuculweyo zococeko, ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, kunye nezibulali-zinambuzane ezisebenzayo.

Kwizifundo zamva nje ukumila kwetyphusKwakukho ukwehla okubonakalayo kwi

Kwinqaku "yintoni isifo setyphus, "isasazeka njani i-typhus", "yintoni ebangela i-typhus" kuya kuxutyushwa izihloko.

Yintoni ityiphus?

Typhussisifo sebhaktiriya esibangelwa yi-rickettsia bacteria. Isifo sebhaktheriya okanye usulelo lusasazwa ziintakumba, iintwala okanye iintwala.

Usulelo lusasazeka kwiarthropods, okuthetha ukuba izilwanyana ezingenamqolo ezifana namangolwane, iintwala okanye amakhalane zisasaza ibhaktheriya ngokuluma.

Ukulunywa isinambuzane kushiya uphawu emzimbeni, olukwazi ukuvula ngakumbi ulusu xa lukrwela. Iintsholongwane zifikelela kwigazi xa zidibana nolusu oluvezwayo; iyaqhubeka nokuzala nokukhula.

Typhussisifo sebhaktiriya esithwala i-vector; Kukho iintlobo ze-endmic kunye nobhubhane.

Uhlobo lobhubhani lunembali ende nebulalayo.

Imiba yengozi yesifo se-typhus ibandakanya ukutyelela okanye ukuhlala kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi beempuku kunye nezinye izilwanyana (umzekelo, iindawo zentlekele, iindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo, iinkampu zeembacu, iintolongo) apho i-vectors efana neentakumba kunye neentwala zinokuthwala ibhaktheriya kwizilwanyana.

Iimpawu zetyphus ezingapheliyo Ezi ziquka irhashalala eqala kwaye isasazeka kwisiqu somzimba, umkhuhlane ophezulu, isicaphucaphu, ubuthathaka, urhudo kunye nokugabha. ubhubhane wetyphusuneempawu ezifanayo kodwa eziqatha ngakumbi, kuquka ukopha kwisikhumba, ukuqaqanjelwa, uxinezeleko lwegazi, nokufa.

TyphusIfunyaniswa ngovavanyo olwahlukeneyo (i-PCR, i-histological staining) ngokusekelwe kwimbali yesigulane, ukuhlolwa komzimba, kunye nobuchule be-immunological.

Ii-antibiotics zikho kwaye ubhubhane wetyphus esetyenziselwa ukunyanga.

I-prognosis ye-endmic typhus ngokuqhelekileyo kuhle ukuya kobalaseleyo kodwa Ukuxilongwa kwesifo se-typhusinokuqala kokulungileyo ukuya kokubi ngonyango olusebenzayo kwangethuba, kwaye abantu abadala bahlala benobona xilongo lubi.

Ucoceko kunye neemeko zokuphila ezicocekileyo ezinciphisa okanye ziphelise ukuvezwa kweempuku, iimpuku kunye nezinye izilwanyana kunye nabathwali bazo (iintwala, iintakumba) uhlobo lwetyphus inokuthintela okanye inciphise umngcipheko we ubhubhane okanye ubhubhane isifo setyphus Akukho sitofu sokulwa nalo.

Sisasazwa njani isifo setyphus?

Ngokuqhelekileyo, unokufumana esi sifo kwimeko yokulunywa kwezinambuzane. Alusulelwa komnye umntu njengomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane.

Iintwala ezosulelekileyo, iintakumba okanye iintwala ezifumaneka kwizilwanyana ezincinci ezifana neempuku, oonomatse kunye neekati zizithuthi zosulelo lwentsholongwane.

Ukongezelela, izinambuzane ziba ngabathwali bosulelo xa zisitya igazi lempuku enesifo okanye umntu osulelekileyo.

Iindlela zokudluliselwa kwetyphusEyona ixhaphakileyo kwezi kukudibana neebhedi ezihlaselwe ziintsholongwane ezithwala ii-arthropods.

Ngokunjalo, usulelo lunokusasazwa ngeelindle ze-arthropods. Ukuba ukrwela indawo elunyiweyo apho iimpuku okanye iintwala zitya khona, ibhaktheriya ekwindle ingena egazini ngamanxeba akwindawo ekrweliweyo.

Kwiindawo ezixineneyo ezifana neehostele zokuhamba, iindawo ezinamatyholo amaninzi, kunye nezindlu zangasese zikawonke-wonke ezingacocekanga. isifo setyphus inokwenzeka. 

Ziziphi izizathu kunye neentlobo zeTyphus?

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo. Uhlobo ngalunye lubangelwa yibhaktiriya ethile eyahlukileyo kwaye isasazeka kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-arthropod.

Isifo se-typhus ngenxa yesifo sobhubhane

Ibangelwa yintsholongwane ethi "Rickettsia prowazekii" kwaye iintwala zomzimba ngabathwali bolu sulelo. Isenokosulelwa nangamakhalane.

Imikrwelo emincinci eluswini isebenza njengomthombo welindle elizele yipathogen ukungena kumjelo wegazi.

Usulelo lunokufumaneka kwihlabathi jikelele, kodwa lufumaneka ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezikhuthaza ukuhlaselwa kweentwala, ezifana nogutyulo olubi kunye neendawo ezinabantu abaninzi.

ubhubhane wetyphusYeyona ndlela inzulu kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu, njengoko inokuchaphazela inani elikhulu labemi ngexesha elifutshane. 

I-Murine typhus okanye i-endemic typhus

Ibangelwa yintsholongwane iRickettsia typhi. Isasazwa ngeentakumba zekati okanye iintakumba zempuku. Iintlobo ze-murine azigcinwanga kwindawo ethile njengoko isasazeke kwihlabathi lonke.

Nangona kunjalo, ifumaneka kakhulu kwimimandla enemozulu eshushu kunye nemozulu eshushu. Idluliselwa ngokulula kubantu abasondelene kakhulu neempuku. 

khuhla i-typhus

Ibangelwa yibhaktheriya "Orientia tsutsugamushi". Olu hlobo luxhaphake kakhulu eOstreliya, eAsia, ePapua New Guinea, nakwiziqithi zePasifiki. Abathwali ziibhaktheriya ezondla igazi elosulelekileyo lomntu okanye i-rodent.  

Ziziphi iimpawu zeTyphus?

Zontathu ezi ndidi zikhankanywe ngasentla zineempawu ezahlukileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho kwakhona iimpawu eziqhelekileyo, nangona kwinani elincinci; 

- Umlilo

– ukungcangcazela

– Rash

- Intloko ebuhlungu

– Ukhohlokhohlo olomileyo

– Iintlungu zemisipha kunye namalungu 

Ngaphezu koko, uhlobo ngalunye luneempawu zalo ezithile. ubhubhane wetyphus iimpawu zivela ngokukhawuleza kwaye zibonisa ezi mpawu zilandelayo;

– delirium kunye nokudideka

– Umkhuhlane ophezulu kunye nokugodola

- Intloko ebuhlungu

– Iintlungu ezibuhlungu zamalungu kunye nezihlunu

– Ukhohlokhohlo olomileyo

–Uvakalelo kukukhanya okuqaqambileyo

– uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi

– Irhashalala esifubeni okanye ngasemva.

i-typhus engapheliyo iimpawu zihlala phakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-12 iintsuku. Nangona iimpawu zifana nobhubhane, azibi kakhulu xa zithelekiswa. 

- Umqolo obuhlungu

- Intlungu zesisu

- Umkhuhlane ophezulu (kungathatha ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini)

– Ukhohlokhohlo olomileyo

– Ukugabha kunye nesicaphucaphu

– Iintlungu zemisipha kunye namalungu

- Intloko ebuhlungu

- Irhashalala ebomvu emdaka kumbindi womzimba 

khuhla i-typhusIimpawu ziqala ukubonakala kwiintsuku zokuqala ezilishumi emva kokuba elunyiwe. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iindidi ezimbini, olu hlobo lunokuba yingozi kubantu abahluphekayo kuzo zonke iintlobo zezifo ezinzulu njengoko kunokubangela ukopha kunye nokusilela kwamalungu. Iimpawu zayo zezi zilandelayo;

– ichitheka

- Ukwandiswa kwee-lymph nodes

-Ukudideka kwengqondo kunye ne-coma kwiimeko eziphambili

– Iintlungu zomzimba nezihlunu

– Umkhuhlane kunye neengqele

- Intloko ebuhlungu

– Ukwakheka okumnyama, okufana noqweqwe kwindawo elunyiweyo.

Ziziphi iiNgcipheko zeTyphus?

imingcipheko yetyphusUkuhlala okanye ukutyelela iindawo apho isifo sigqugqisa. Oku kuquka izixeko ezininzi zamazibuko ezineempuku eziphezulu kunye neendawo apho inkunkuma iqokelelana khona kwaye ucoceko lusenokuba luphantsi.

Imimandla yeentlekele, iinkampu zabantu abangenamakhaya, imimandla ethwaxwa bubuhlwempu nezinye iimeko ezifanayo ezivumela iimpuku ukuba zinxulumane ngokusondeleyo nabantu zisesona sisongelo sikhulu. Ezi zikholera, isifo sephepha kunye neemeko ezifanayo ezikhokelela kwindyikityha yezifo ezibangelwa zintsholongwane ezinjengomkhuhlane.

Intlakohlaza nehlobo kuxa iintakumba (kunye namakhalane) zisebenza kakhulu, kodwa usulelo lungenzeka nangaliphi na ixesha lonyaka.

Inyangwa Njani Isifo seTyphus?

Nangona lungekho unyango olukhethekileyo lwesi sifo, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane asetyenziswa namhlanje. Isicelo siyahluka ngokwabantu abachaphazelekayo.

– I-Doxycycline yeyona ndlela yonyango ikhethwa kakhulu. Inokunikwa abantu bayo yonke iminyaka. Kuye kwamiselwa ukuba i-doxycycline inika esona siphumo sisebenzayo kwixeshana elifutshane.

– I-Chloramphenicol isetyenziswa kakhulu kubantu abangakhulelwanga okanye abangancancisiyo. Ngokubanzi ubhubhane wetyphus isebenza ku

– Abantu abangakwaziyo ukuthatha i-antibiotics i-doxycycline banikwa i-ciprofloxacin.

Ziziphi iingxaki zeTyphus?

Ukuba ayinyangwa, isifo setyphus kunokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu nezibulalayo:

– Ukudumba kwengqondo kunye nomnqonqo

- Udakada owandisiweyo

– Ukudumba kwezihlunu zentliziyo okanye iivalvu

- Ukopha kwangaphakathi

- Izintso khohlakele

– Ukonakala kwesibindi

– uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi

- Ukukrala kwemiphunga

– Umothuko weSeptic

Indlela yokuthintela isifo seTyphus?

Akukho ndlela ikhethekileyo yokuthintela ukwenzeka kwesi sifo. II. ngobhubhane ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II isitofu sokugonya isifo setyphus Nangona inani lezehlo liye laphuculwa, inani lezehlo ezinciphayo ziye zamisa ukuveliswa kwesitofu sokugonya. 

Kuba akukho chiza likhethekileyo kwisifo sebhaktiriya, ukuthintela ukukhula kwe-typhus Kufuneka uthathe la manyathelo okhuseleko alandelayo. 

– Enye yeendlela ezilula zokuthintela kukuthintela ukuzala kwezinambuzane eziyingozi kunye neentwala ezisasaza isifo.

– Njalo ingqalelo ucoceko lobuqu.

-Kuphephe ukuya kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi kunye nomgangatho ophantsi wezempilo.

– Sebenzisa izinto zokugxotha izinambuzane.

-Zigqume xa usiya kwiindawo ezinezityalo. 

Ngaba isifo seTyphus siyabulala?

Kukho iingxelo zokufa kwesi sifo ngaphambi kwenkulungwane yama-20, ngakumbi ubhubhane wetyphus yolo hlobo. Ukusweleka okumbalwa okuxelwayo namhlanje njengoko abantu bekuqonda ngakumbi ukubaluleka kococeko.

Ukusweleka okuninzi kuye kwaxelwa phakathi kwabantu abadala kunye nabantu abangondlekanga abangenawo amajoni omzimba aqinileyo.

ubhubhane wetyphus Kwiimeko apho unyango lungenziwanga, ukufa kunokwenzeka. ukuxilongwa kwe-typhus Abantwana abanxitywayo banyangwa kakhulu.

i-typhus kunye ne-typhoid

Nangona kuvakala okufanayo isifo setyphus ve esifo zizifo ezahlukeneyo.

Typhus Njengomkhuhlane wetyphoid, lusulelo lwebhaktiriya. Uhlobo olufumaneka ebantwini, ukutya kunye namanzi angcolileyo salmonella ekudibaneni neebhaktheriya esifo ufumana. Ukongezelela, i-typhoid fever inokufunyanwa kwilindle labantu nezilwanyana ezithwala esi sifo.

Ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo lwe-typhoid:

– Ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo

– Ucoceko olufanelekileyo lokutya

– Ukusebenzisa kuphela amanzi acocekileyo nacociweyo