Zeziphi izifo ezisasazwa ngamakhalane?

Amakhalane zizifunxi-gazi zodidi lweArachnida kwaye zitya igazi lezilwanyana ezanyisayo, iintaka, izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini kunye nezirhubuluzi. Zifumaneka ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo. Inemilenze esibhozo kwaye inokwahlukana ngombala ukusuka kumdaka ukuya kubomvu-ntsundu ukuya kumnyama. Amakhalane akhula kwiindawo ezishushu nezifumileyo emzimbeni. Ukulunywa kwezi zilwanyana ngokuqhelekileyo akunabungozi, kodwa amanye amakhalane athwala izifo ezithi zigqithiselwe ebantwini xa eziluma, nto leyo ebangela uluhlu lweempawu. Izifo ezisasazwa ngamakhalane zixhaphake kakhulu eIndiya naseUnited States. Kwilizwe lethu, ngakumbi ngokufudumala kwemozulu, ezinye izifo zifunyanwa ngenxa yokulunywa kwamakhalane kwezinye iingingqi. Ezinye zazo ziphumela ekufeni. Ngoku makhe sijonge izifo ezisasazwa ngamakhalane kwihlabathi jikelele.

Ziziphi izifo ezithwalwa ngamakhalane?

1. Isifo saseKyasanur Forest (KFD)

Isifo sehlathi laseKyasanur sisifo se-arboviral esikhulayo se-zoonotic esibangelwa ngamakhalane e-H. spinigera kunye ne-H. turturis, echaphazela amadoda kunye neenkawu. Esi sifo safunyanwa kwi-1957 kwindawo yehlathi laseKyasanur kwisithili saseShimoga saseKarnataka.

2. Isifo seLyme

Esona sifo sixhaphakileyo sisifo seLyme. Isifo seLymeIsasazeka ebantwini ngokulunywa ngamakhalane exhama anemilenze emnyama. Esi sifo sinefuthe elibi kwingqondo, inkqubo ye-nervous, intliziyo, izihlunu kunye namalungu.

3. Ifiva enamabala eentaba

Esi sifo, esigama lokwenyani yi rocky spotted fever, lusulelo lwentsholongwane olusasazwa ngamakhalane. Inokubangela umonakalo ongapheliyo kumalungu angaphakathi afana nentliziyo kunye nezintso. Iimpawu ze-Rocky Mountain spotted fever yintloko ebuhlungu kunye nomkhuhlane ophezulu. Esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kummandla osemzantsi-mpuma weUnited States.

4. I-Colorado tick fever

Lusulelo lwentsholongwane olusasazeka ngokulunywa yikhalane elosulelekileyo. Iimpawu ze-Colorado tick fever ziquka umkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu, kunye neengqele. Esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kwilizwe laseColorado, kunye nenani eliphezulu lamatyala achazwe phakathi kukaFebruwari no-Oktobha, kunye ne-90% yamatyala axelwe phakathi kuka-Epreli noJulayi.

5. I-Tularemia

Sisifo esosulelayo esingaqhelekanga esichaphazela kakhulu izilwanyana ezanyisayo. Inokusasazwa ebantwini ngekhalane elosulelekileyo kunye nokuchanabeka ngokuthe ngqo kwisilwanyana esosulelekileyo. Iimpawu zeTularemia ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeka apho ibhaktheriya ingena khona emzimbeni.

6. I-Erlichiosis

Amakhalane ewodwa abangela esi sifo sibangelwa yintsholongwane, esibangela iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ezifana norhudo, iintlungu, nomkhuhlane. Amakhalane zinkwenkwezi zixhaphakile kuMzantsi-mpuma nakuMbindi weUnited States.

7. Babesiosis

I-Babesiosis lusulelo lwezifunxi-gazi oludla ngokusasazwa ngokulunywa kwamakhalane. Iimpawu ziquka ukugodola, ukuqaqanjelwa kwezihlunu, ukudinwa, umkhuhlane ophezulu, iintlungu zesisu, njl. ifunyenwe. Ixhaphake kakhulu eNew York, eNgilani, eWisconsin, eMinnesota naseNew Jersey.

8. Umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo

Umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo lusulelo olusasazwa luhlobo oluthile lwekhalane. Iimpawu ziquka intloko ebuhlungu, ukugodola, ukugabha, ukukhohlela, iintlungu zentamo okanye zamehlo, kunye norhudo. Uninzi lweziganeko zomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo zenzeka kwintshona ye-United States.

9. I-anaplasmosis ye-granulocytic yabantu

I-Human granulocytic anaplasmosis lusulelo lwekhalane lwerickettsial oludluliselwa ebantwini ngamakhalane e-Ixodes ricinus species complex. Iimpawu ziquka ukugabha, isicaphucaphu, intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu kunye nomkhuhlane.

10. Phawula ukukhubazeka

Ukukhubazeka kwamanqaku kubangela ukuntlontlozela kunye nokuba ndindisholo emzimbeni wonke ngenxa yokulunywa kwamakhalane. Ukuba asinyangwa, esi sifo sinokuchaphazela imiphunga.

11. I-encephalitis ephethwe ngamakhala

Isasazwa ngokulunywa kwamakhalane awosulelekileyo kwiindawo ezihlala emahlathini. I-encephalitis esasazwa ngamakhalane ichaphazela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo kwaye ibangela iimpawu ezinjengentloko ebuhlungu, ukudinwa, umkhuhlane kunye nesicaphucaphu.

12. Powassan encephalitis

I-Powassan encephalitis sisifo esosulelayo ngentsholongwane esibangelwa kukulunywa kwamakhalane. Sisifo esingaqhelekanga esibangela ukudumba kwengqondo, inwebu ejikeleze ingqondo kunye nentambo yomgogodla.

13. Umkhuhlane weBoutonneuse

Ibangelwa yi-Rickettsia conorii kwaye isasazwa yi-tick yenja i-Rhipcephalus sanguineus. I-Boutonneuse fever sisifo esingaqhelekanga kwaye sifumaneka kakhulu kumazwe eMeditera.

14. I-Baggio-Yoshinari syndrome

I-Baggio-Yoshinari syndrome sisifo esidluliselwa yi-Amblyomma cajennense tick. Iimpawu zeklinikhi zesi sifo zifana nesifo seLyme.

15. I-Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever

Yintsholongwane ye-hemorrhagic fever edluliselwa ebantwini ngokulunywa kwamakhalane okanye ukudibana nezicubu zezilwanyana zentsholongwane. Icesina eCrimean-Congo yokopha ixhaphakile eAfrika, kuMbindi Mpuma, eAsia nakwiiBalkans.

16. Usulelo lwe-Ehrlichiosis ewingii

Usulelo lwe-Ehrlichiosis ewingii lusasazwa ebantwini likhalane elibizwa ngokuba yi-Amblyomma americanum. Eli khalane laziwa nangokusasaza i-Ehrlichia chaffeensis, ibhaktiriya ebangela i-monocytic ehrlichiosis yomntu.

17. Isifo serhashalala esinxulumene namakhalane

Inkwenkwezi eyedwa ibangelwa kukuluma kwekhalane, kwaye irhashalala ngokuqhelekileyo ibonakala kwiintsuku ezisi-7 emva kokulunywa kwamakhalane. Iyanda ukuya kwi-8 cm okanye ngaphezulu ububanzi. Iimpawu ezinxulumene nomkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu, ukudinwa kunye neentlungu zemisipha.

Ingaba izifo ezithwalwa ngamakhalane zinokunyangwa?

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane angasinyanga esi sifo ukuba sifunyaniswe kwangethuba.

Indlela yokuthintela ukulunywa kwamakhalane?

• Susa ingca ende kwaye uchebe amatyholo ajikeleze indlu.
• Cheba ingca yakho rhoqo.
• Qaba ikhrimu yokugxotha izinambuzane kwisikhumba esingaphandle xa uphuma ngaphandle.
• Impahla eyomileyo kwindawo yokomisa ubushushu obuphezulu kangangemizuzu eli-10 ubuncinci ukubulala amakhalane ukuba zithe nca kwiimpahla zakho.
• Jonga ulusu lwesilwanyana sakho sasekhaya ukuba awunamakhalane.

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