Yintoni iDengue Fever? Iimpawu kunye noNyango

umkhuhlane wedenguelusulelo lwentsholongwane olubangelwa yintsholongwane yedengue (DENV) esasazwa ziingcongconi zohlobo lwe-Aedes. Ezi ngcongconi zibangela i-chikungunya fever kunye nesifo seZika.

Bamalunga nama-400 amawaka abantu ehlabathini nyaka ngamnye umkhuhlane wedengueubanjiwe. IWorld Health Organization ithi abantu abangaphezu kwe-2,5 bhiliyoni ehlabathini lonke basengozini yesi sifo, ingakumbi abantwana abakumazwe akweleenjiko nakweleenjiko. 

Uphononongo olupapashiweyo lwafumanisa ukuba idengue igqugqisile kumazwe angaphezu kwe-140 eUnited States, eAsia, eAfrika nakwimpuma yeMeditera.

Zeziphi iintlobo zomkhuhlane wedengue?

Esi sifo sibangelwa yintsholongwane yedengue kunye ne-flavivirus genus, ephuma kusapho lweFlaviviridae. Kukho iintlobo ezine ze-serotypes zentsholongwane ezibangela kakhulu i-dengue: i-DENV-1, i-DENV-2, i-DENV-3 kunye ne-DENV-4. 

Ukuya kuthi ga kwizihlandlo ezine ebomini bomntu umkhuhlane wedengueinokubanjwa.

Isasazwa njani intsholongwane yedengue?

Usulelo lwentsholongwane yedengue lufikelela incopho ngexesha lemvula, kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi kunye nokufuma okuphezulu. Iindlela intsholongwane esosulela ngayo ebantwini zezi zilandelayo:

• Iingcongconi eziziimazi zeAedes ziingcongconi ezifuna igazi ukuze zivelise amaqanda. umkhuhlane wedengue iba ngumthwali wentsholongwane ngokuluma umntu owosulelweyo. Emzimbeni wabo, intsholongwane iphindaphindeka phakathi kweentsuku ezi-8-12 kwaye isasazeka kwiithishu zomzimba ezifana namadlala amathe.
• Xa ezi ngcongconi zinentsholongwane ziluma omnye umntu osempilweni, le ntsholongwane idluliselwa egazini. Ibangela usulelo lwedengue.
• Xa umntu sele echacha kusulelo lwedengue, akakhuseleki kwi- serotype yedengue ebangele usulelo ubomi bonke. 
• Kodwa umntu usamile umkhuhlane wedengueinokosulelwa yi serotypes eseleyo ye 
• Kwakhona, ukuba i-coinfection yiyo nayiphi na i-serotypes ezintathu eziseleyo zenzeka ngokukhawuleza emva kokuchacha kwi-serotype enye, umntu unokufumana ubunzima obunzulu. umkhuhlane wedengue emngciphekweni wokuphuhlisa.

Ezinye iindlela zosulelo lwedengue zezi zilandelayo:

• Iinaliti ezosulelekileyo.
• Ukususwa kwegazi elosulelekileyo.
• Usulelo lwe-Transplacental ukusuka kumama okhulelweyo ukuya kusana olusanda kuzalwa.
• Ukutshintshwa kwelungu okanye izicubu.

Zeziphi iimpawu zomkhuhlane wedengue?

Ixesha lokufukamela lesi sifo ziintsuku ezi-4-8. Kusenokubakho izigulana ezingabonakalisi zimpawu, kodwa zinokubonwa ngeendlela eziqatha ezifana nomkhuhlane ongephi kunye nomkhuhlane we<em>dengue hemorrhage fever.

Abantu abaneempawu ezingephi bakholisa ukuchacha kwiintsuku ezili-10. umkhuhlane wedengueiimpawu ezibuthathaka zifana nomkhuhlane kwaye ziquka: 

• Ngokukhawuleza ubushushu obuphezulu obumalunga nama-40 degrees.
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukugabha kunye nesicaphucaphu
• Umqala obuhlungu
• Imisipha, ithambo kunye neentlungu zamalungu
• ukudumba kwamadlala
• irhashalala
• intlungu emva kwamehlo

Iimpawu ezimandundu zesi sifo zezi zilandelayo:

• Ukuvuza kwe-Plasma (i-dengue hemorrhage fever)
• Ukopha kwiintsini nasezimpumlweni
• ukuhlanza okuqhubekayo
• isifo se-dengue shock
• ubunzima bokuphefumla
• iintlungu ezibuhlungu zesisu
• igazi kumchamo
• Ukudinwa
• Ukucaphuka

Yeyiphi imingcipheko yomkhuhlane wedengue?

IJografi: Ukuhlala okanye ukuhamba kwiindawo ezitshisayo ezifana ne-Southeast Asia, iziqithi zeCaribbean, iAfrika, i-Indian Subcontinent.

Ubudala: Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-3-4 kunye nabantu abadala basengozini enkulu. 

Usulelo lwangaphambili: Usulelo lwangaphambili kunye neserotype enye yentsholongwane yedengue kwandisa umngcipheko wokosuleleka kunye nenye i-serotype.

Izifo ezingapheliyo: iswekile yemellitus, umbefu, I-anemia ye-sickle cell ve isilonda esiswini iimeko ezithile ezingapheliyo, ezifana

Gene: Imbali yemfuzo yomninimzi.

Zeziphi iingxaki zomkhuhlane wedengue?

Isifo se<em>dengue esinganyangwayo okanye esiqatha sinokubangela iingxaki ezifana nezi:

• Encephalitis kunye ne-encephalopathy.
• Ukusilela kwamalungu amaninzi.
• Ukudumba kwenwebu yengqondo
• Ukukhubazeka
• ukufa

Ifunyaniswa njani i-dengue fever?

Esi sifo kunzima ukusixilonga. Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu kunye neempawu zihlala ziyi-malaria, esifo ve leptospirosis ngokufanayo nezinye izifo. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zisetyenziselwa ukuxilongwa:

• Uvavanyo lweVirological: Uvavanyo olufana ne-reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) lwenziwa ukufumanisa izinto ezithile zentsholongwane.
• Uvavanyo lweSerological: Uvavanyo olufana novavanyo lwe-enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) lwenziwa ukufumanisa izilwa-buhlungu eziveliswayo ekuphenduleni intsholongwane yedengue.

Qaphela: Olu vavanyo lunika iziphumo ezifanelekileyo ukuba lwenziwe kwiveki yokuqala yosulelo.

Unyango lweDengue

Alukho unyango olukhethekileyo lwesi sifo. Imeko ilawulwa ngokunyamekelwa kwenkxaso elandelwa kukubeka iliso okuqhubekayo kwimeko, kuxhomekeke kubunzima bempawu eziqhubekayo. Ezinye zeendlela zonyango zesi sifo ziquka:

Ukufakwa kolwelo: Ithathwa ngomthambo okanye ngokuthe ngqo ngomlomo ukuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye nokucoca intsholongwane yedengue kwinkqubo.

Utofelo-gazi lweemveliso: Iplasma engumkhenkce entsha ibonelelwa ukonyusa inani leplatelet emzimbeni.

I-CPAP yeempumlo: Ukuphucula iimpawu zokungaphumeleli kokuphefumula ngokukhawuleza.

Amayeza: NjengeCorticosteroids kunye neCarbazochrome sodium sulfonate.

Amayeza okugonya umkhuhlane wedengue

Ngokophononongo olupapashwe kwijenali yokugonya ngoFebruwari 2, 2020, okwangoku umkhuhlane wedengueZintlanu iindidi zezitofu ezifumanekayo. Ezi sisitofu sokugonya esinciphileyo (i-LAV), isitofu sokugonya se-DNA, isitofu esingasebenziyo (IV), isitofu sokugonya esinentsholongwane (i-VVV), kunye nesitofu sokugonya esiphinda siphinde sive (RSV).

Ngamnye usekuvavanyo lweklinikhi kwaye unamazantsi athile. Izifundo ngalo mbandela zisaqhuba.

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