Iyini i-Hyperchloremia ne-Hypochloremia, Belashwa Kanjani?

I-chloride iyi-anion eyinhloko etholakala oketshezini nasegazini ngaphandle kwamaseli. I-Anion ingxenye ekhokhiswa kabi yezinto ezithile ezifana nosawoti wetafula (NaCl) lapho incibilika oketshezini. Amanzi olwandle anesilinganiso esifanayo sama-ion e-chloride njengoketshezi lwabantu.

Ibhalansi ye-chloride ion (Cl - ) zilawulwa kakhulu ngumzimba. Ukwehliswa okukhulu kwe-chloride kungaba nemiphumela eyingozi futhi ebulalayo. I-chloride ivamise ukulahlekelwa umchamo, umjuluko, nokukhishwa kwesisu. Ukujuluka ngokweqile, ukuhlanza, nokulahlekelwa ngokweqile yindlala ye-adrenal nesifo sezinso kungenzeka.

esihlokweni "yini i-chlorine ephansi", "yini i-chlorine ephezulu", "ziyini izimbangela ze-chlorine ephezulu nephansi egazini", "injani ukwelashwa kwe-chlorine ephansi nephezulu egazini" izihloko ezifana

Iyini I-Chlorine Ephansi Egazini?

i-hypochloremiaukungalingani kwe-electrolyte okwenzeka lapho kunenani eliphansi le-chloride emzimbeni.

I-Chloride iyi-electrolyte. Ukulawula inani loketshezi emzimbeni kanye nebhalansi ye-pH ohlelweni i-sodium ve i-potassium Isebenza namanye ama-electrolyte njenge I-chloride isetshenziswa kakhulu njengosawoti wetafula (i-sodium chloride).

Yiziphi Izimpawu Ze-Chlorine Ephansi?

Izimpawu ze-hypochloremiangokuvamile akunakwa. Esikhundleni salokho, zingase zibe izimpawu zokunye ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte noma isimo esibangela i-hypochloremia.

Izimpawu ze-chlorine ephansi imi kanje:

– Ukulahlekelwa uketshezi

– ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni

– Ubuthakathaka noma ukukhathala

- Ubunzima bokuphefumula

- Uhudo noma ukuhlanza okubangelwa ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni

i-hypochloremiaingase ihambisane ne-hyponatremia, okuyinani eliphansi le-sodium egazini.

Izinkinga ze-Chlorine ephansi

Njengoba amazinga e-electrolyte egazini elawulwa yizinso, i-hypochloremia Ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte, njengenkinga yezinso, kungabangelwa. 

i-hypochloremia Kungase futhi kubangelwe yinoma yiziphi izimo ezilandelayo:

- Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okuguquguqukayo

– Ukuhuda isikhathi eside kumbe ukuhlanza

- emphysema isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona njenge

- I-Metabolic alkalosis lapho i-pH yegazi iphakeme kunokuvamile

I-Laxative, ama-diureticsIzinhlobo ezithile zemithi, njenge-corticosteroids nama-bicarbonates, nazo i-hypochloremiakungase kubangele.

I-Hypochloremia kanye ne-Chemotherapy

i-hypochloremia, Kungase kubangele ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokunye ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte. Imiphumela emibi ye-chemotherapy imi kanje:

– Ukugabha isikhathi eside kumbe uhudo

- Phuma

- Umlilo

Le miphumela engemihle ingaba nomthelela ekulahlekeni koketshezi. Ukulahlekelwa uketshezi ngokuhlanza kanye nesifo sohudo ukungalingani kwe-electrolyteokungaholela.

Itholakala Kanjani I-Hypochloremia?

Udokotela uzohlola igazi ukuze ahlole izinga le-chloride i-hypochloremiaangaxilonga. 

Inani le-chloride egazini likalwa njengokuhlangana - inani le-chloride ngama-milliequivalents (mEq) (L) ilitha ngalinye.

Ngezansi kukhona ireferensi evamile ye-blood chloride. Amanani angaphansi kwebanga elifanele lereferensi i-hypochloremiaingabonisa:

Abantu abadala: 98–106 mEq/L

Izingane: 90-110 mEq/L

Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa: 96-106 mEq/L

Izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi: 95-110 mEq/L

Ukwelashwa kwe-Hypochloremia

Udokotela uzosebenza ukwelapha inkinga ewumsuka ebangela ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte.

i-hypochloremia Uma kubangelwa umuthi, udokotela angase alungise umthamo. i-hypochloremia Uma kungenxa yezinkinga zezinso noma ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine, udokotela uzokudlulisela kuchwepheshe.

Ungathola uketshezi lwe-intravenous (IV), njengesisombululo esivamile saline, ukuletha ama-electrolyte emazingeni avamile.

Udokotela angase futhi ahlele ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwamazinga akho e-electrolyte ngezinjongo zokuqapha.

i-hypochloremia Uma imnene, kwesinye isikhathi ingalungiswa ngezinguquko zokudla.

Iyini i-Hyperchloremia?

i-hyperchloremiaukungalingani kwe-electrolyte okwenzeka lapho kune-chloride eningi egazini.

I-Chlorine iyi-electrolyte ebalulekile enesibopho sokugcina ibhalansi ye-asidi-base (pH) emzimbeni, ilawula uketshezi kanye nokudlulisa ama-nerve impulses.

Izinso zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni i-chlorine emzimbeni, ngakho ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte kuyinkinga ngalezi zitho.

Futhi, ikhono lezinso lokulondoloza ibhalansi ye-chloride lingaphazanyiswa ezinye izimo, njengesifo sikashukela noma ukuphelelwa amanzi kakhulu emanzini.

Yiziphi Izimpawu Ze-High Chlorine?

i-hyperchloremiaIzimpawu ezibonisa ama-shingles ngokuvamile zibangelwa imbangela eyinhloko yezinga eliphezulu le-chloride. Imvamisa lokhu kuba yi-acidosis, i-acidity eyeqile egazini. Izimpawu ze-hyperchloremia kungase kuhlanganise:

- Ukukhathala

- ubuthakathaka bemisipha

– ukoma okwedlulele

– Ulwelwesi lwamafinyila olomile

- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme

kwabanye abantu izimpawu ze-hyperchloremia akubonakali. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi akubonakali kuze kube yilapho ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile.

Yiziphi Izimbangela Ze-Chlorine Ephakeme Egazini?

Njenge-sodium, i-potassium, namanye ama-electrolyte, ukugcwala kwe-chlorine emzimbeni wethu kulawulwa ngokucophelela yizinso.

Izinso yizitho ezimbili ezimise okwebhontshisi ezitholakala ngaphansi nje kwezimbambo nhlangothi zombili zomgogodla. Banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlunga igazi nokugcina ukwakheka kwalo kuzinzile, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle komzimba.

i-hyperchloremiaKuvela lapho amazinga e-chlorine egazini eba phezulu kakhulu. i-hyperchloremiaKunezindlela eziningana okungenzeka ngazo. Lokhu kubandakanya:

– Ukuthatha i-saline eningi kakhulu ngesikhathi usesibhedlela, njengalapho uhlinzwa

– uhudo olunzima

– Isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona noma esiyingozi

- Ukungenisa amanzi kasawoti

- Ukudla kakhulu usawoti wokudla

- Ubuthi be-bromide obuvela emithini equkethe i-bromide

- Izinso noma i-metabolic acidosis kwenzeka lapho izinso zingayikhiphi i-asidi emzimbeni noma lapho umzimba uthatha i-asidi eningi kakhulu.

- I-alkalosis yokuphefumula, isimo esenzeka lapho inani le-carbon dioxide egazini liphansi kakhulu (isibonelo, lapho umuntu ene-hyperventilating)

Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi ebizwa ngokuthi i-carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-glaucoma nezinye izifo.

Iyini i-Hyperchloremic Acidosis?

I-Hyperchloremic acidosis, noma i-hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, yenzeka lapho ukulahleka kwe-bicarbonate (alkaline) kwenza ibhalansi ye-pH egazini ibe-asidi kakhulu (metabolic acidosis).

Ngokuphendula, umzimba i-hyperchloremiaInamathela ku-chlorine, ibangele Ku-hyperchloremic acidosis, umzimba ulahlekelwa isisekelo esiningi noma ugcine i-asidi eningi.

Isisekelo esibizwa nge-sodium bicarbonate isiza ukugcina igazi liku-pH engathathi hlangothi. Ukulahlekelwa kwe-sodium bicarbonate kungabangela:

– uhudo olunzima

- Ukusetshenziswa okungapheli kwama-laxatives

- I-proximal renal tubular acidosis, okusho ukuthi izinso azikwazi ukumunca kabusha i-bicarbonate emchamweni

- Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwe-carbonic anhydrase inhibitors ekwelapheni i-glaucoma, njenge-acetazolamide

– Ukulimala kwezinso

Izimbangela ezingenzeka zokuthi i-asidi eningi ilethwe egazini ihlanganisa:

- Ukungena ngephutha kwe-ammonium chlorine, i-hydrochloric acid noma omunye usawoti owenza i-asidi (ngezinye izikhathi otholakala ezixazululweni ezisetshenziselwa ukuncelisa ngomthambo)

- Ezinye izinhlobo ze-renal tubular acidosis

– Ukuphuza ingxube ye-saline eningi kakhulu esibhedlela

Itholakala Kanjani I-Hyperchloremia?

i-hyperchloremia Ngokuvamile kutholakala ngokuhlolwa okwaziwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-chloride. Lokhu kuhlola kuvame ukuba yingxenye yephaneli ye-metabolic enkulu udokotela angase ayi-ode.

Iphaneli ye-metabolic ikala amazinga ama-electrolyte ahlukahlukene egazini:

- I-carbon dioxide noma i-bicarbonate

- I-Chloride

- I-potassium

-Isodium

Amazinga e-chlorine avamile kubantu abadala asebangeni lama-98–107 mEq/L. Uma ukuhlolwa kwakho kubonisa izinga le-chlorine elingaphezu kuka-107 mEq/L, i-hyperchloremia kusho ukuthi kukhona.

Kulokhu, udokotela angase futhi ahlole umchamo ukuthi awunayo i-chlorine namazinga kashukela egazini ukuze abone ukuthi unesifo sikashukela yini. Ukuhlaziywa komchamo okulula kungasiza ekutholeni izinkinga ngezinso.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Hyperchloremia

i-hyperchloremia Ukwelashwa kwalokhu kuzoncika kumbangela yalesi simo:

- Uma uphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ukwelashwa kuzobandakanya ukugeleza kwamanzi.

- Uma uthathe usawoti omningi kakhulu, ukuhlinzekwa kwe-saline kuyamiswa uze ululame.

- Uma imithi yakho idala izinkinga, udokotela wakho angase ashintshe noma amise imithi.

- Uma unenkinga yezinso, i-nephrologist cishe izokudlulisela kudokotela ochwepheshe bezempilo yezinso. Uma isimo sakho sisibi, kungase kudingeke i-dialysis ukuze ukuhlunga igazi esikhundleni sezinso.

- I-Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis ingelashwa ngesisekelo esibizwa nge-sodium bicarbonate.

Labo abane-hyperchloremiakufanele ugcine umzimba wakho unamanzi. Gwema i-caffeine notshwala, njengoba lokhu kungenza ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kube kubi kakhulu.

Yiziphi Izinkinga ze-Hyperchloremia?

emzimbeni i-chlorine eningikungaba yingozi kakhulu ngenxa yokuxhumana ne-asidi ephakeme kunejwayelekile egazini. Uma kungelashwa ngokushesha, kungaholela ku:

- Itshe lezinso

- Ukuvimbela ikhono lokuphulukisa uma ukulimala kwezinso

- Ukwehluleka kwezinso

- izinkinga zenhliziyo

– Izinkinga zemisipha

– Izinkinga zamathambo

- ukoma

- Ukufa

Indlela yokuvimbela i-Hyperchloremia?

i-hyperchloremia, ikakhulukazi Isifo sika-Addison Uma kubangelwa isimo sezempilo esifana naso i-hyperchloremia Amanye amasu angasiza abantu abasengozini yokuba nesifo sikashukela ahlanganisa:

- i-hyperchloremiaUkukhuluma nodokotela mayelana nemithi engabangela

- i-hyperchloremiaImiphumela yezidakamizwa ezingabangela Isibonelo, lapho umuntu ezizwa ephelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, angase aphuze amanzi amaningi.

- Ukudla ukudla okulinganiselayo nokugwema imingcele yokudla ngokweqile.

– Ukuphuza imithi yesifo sikashukela njengokuyalelwa ngudokotela.

Kubantu abanempilo i-hyperchloremia kuyivelakancane kakhulu. Ukuphuza uketshezi olwanele nokugwema usawoti omningi kungavimbela lokhu kungalingani kwe-electrolyte.