Kuyini Ukungalingani kwe-Electrolyte, Izimbangela, Yiziphi Izimpawu?

Lapho amazinga e-electrolyte emzimbeni wethu ephakeme kakhulu noma ephansi kakhulu, ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte ya da ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte Kwenzeka. 

Ama-Electrolyte ayizici nezinhlanganisela ezitholakala ngokwemvelo emzimbeni. Balawula imisebenzi ebalulekile yomzimba.

Ama-Electrolyte asemzimbeni wethu afaka: 

- I-calcium

- I-Chloride

- Magnesium

- Phosphate

- I-potassium

-Isodium

Lezi zinto zitholakala egazini lethu, oketshezini lomzimba kanye nomchamo. Ibuye ithathwe kanye nokudla, isiphuzo, nezithasiselo.

Ama-electrolyte adinga ukugcinwa ebhalansi ukuze umzimba usebenze kahle. Uma kungenjalo, izinhlelo ezibalulekile zomzimba zingase zithinteke. 

Ukungalingani okukhulu kwe-electrolyte kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu ezifana ne-coma, isithuthwane, nokuboshwa kwenhliziyo.

I-Electrolyte Yini leyo? 

Ama-electrolyte ayizakhi ezithile (noma amakhemikhali) emizimbeni yethu anemisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile, kusukela ekulawuleni ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuya ekuvumeleni imisipha ukuba ifinyeze ukuze sikwazi ukunyakaza.

Ama-electrolyte amakhulu atholakala emzimbeni afaka i-calcium, i-magnesium, i-potassium, i-sodium, i-phosphate, ne-chloride.

Njengoba lezi zakhi ezibalulekile zisiza ukuvuselela izinzwa emzimbeni futhi zilinganise amazinga oketshezi, ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte, kungabangela izinhlobonhlobo zezimpawu ezimbi ezimbi, ezinye zazo ezingase zibulale.

Nakuba sithola ama-electrolyte ngokudla ukudla okuhlukene nokuphuza uketshezi oluthile, silahlekelwa yiwo ngokwengxenye ngokuzivocavoca, ukujuluka, ukuya endlini yangasese kanye nokuchama.

Ngakho-ke ukungondleki okwaneleukuzivocavoca okuncane kakhulu noma kakhulu nokugula ukungalingani kwe-electrolyteezinye izimbangela ezingenzeka.

Yiziphi Izimbangela Zokungalingani Kwe-Electrolyte?

Ama-Electrolyte atholakala oketshezini lomzimba, okuhlanganisa umchamo, igazi, nomjuluko. Ama-Electrolyte aqanjwe kanjalo ngoba "aneshaja kagesi." Lapho encibilika emanzini, ahlukana abe ama-ion ane-positive kanye ne-negative.

Isizathu sokuthi lokhu kubalulekile kungenxa yokuthi ukusabela kwezinzwa kwenzeka kanjani. Izinzwa ziyabonisana ngenqubo yokushintshisana kwamakhemikhali ehlanganisa ama-ion ashajwe ngokuphambene ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamaseli.

Ukungalingani kwe-ElectrolyteKungabangelwa izici eziningi ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukugula kwesikhashana, imithi, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, kanye nezifo ezingelapheki eziwumgogodla. 

Ukungalingani kwe-ElectrolyteEzinye zezimbangela ezivamile ze-dandruff kungenxa yokulahlekelwa uketshezi futhi zingabangelwa ezinye izimo, ezihlanganisa:

Ukugula unezimpawu ezinjengokuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ukujuluka noma ukushisa komzimba, konke okungaholela ekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni noma ekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni.

- Ukudla okungenamsoco okungenamsoco ovela ekudleni okungakalungiswa

- Ubunzima bokumunca izakhamzimba ekudleni ngenxa yezinkinga zamathumbu noma zokugaya ukudla (ukumunca)

- Ukungalingani kwe-hormonal kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine

Ukuthatha imithi ethile, kuhlanganise naleyo yokwelapha umdlavuza, isifo senhliziyo, noma ukuphazamiseka kwamahomoni

Ukuthatha ama-antibiotics, ama-diuretics angaphezu kwe-counter noma imithi, noma amahomoni e-corticosteroid

- Isifo sezinso noma ukulimala (njengoba izinso zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni i-chloride egazini lakho futhi "ixosha" i-potassium, i-magnesium, ne-sodium)

- Izinguquko kumazinga e-calcium ne-potassium egazini nokunye ukuntuleka kwama-electrolyteyini engabangela ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Yiziphi Izimpawu Zokungalingani Kwe-Electrolyte?

Ukungalingani kwe-ElectrolyteIzinhlobo zesifo ezithambile zingase zingabonisi noma yiziphi izimpawu. Ukuphazamiseka okunjalo kungase kungabonakali kuze kube yilapho kutholakala phakathi nokuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile. 

Izimpawu ngokuvamile zenzeka lapho ukuphazamiseka okuthile kuba kubi kakhulu.

Tum ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte azibangeli izimpawu ezifanayo, kodwa abaningi banezimpawu ezifanayo. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ngesikhathi sokungalingani kwe-electrolyte zifaka:

– ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile

- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo

- Ukukhathala

- ukukhathala

- Ukudlikizela noma ukuquleka

- Isicanucanu

– ukuhlanza

– Uhudo noma ukuqunjelwa

- Umlilo

- Ukuphazamiseka kwamathambo

– Ubuhlungu besisu

- ubuthakathaka bemisipha

- i-muscle cramp

– Ukucasuka

– ukudideka kwengqondo

- Ikhanda elibuhlungu

- Ukuba ndikindiki nokuluma

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu futhi ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte Uma usola ukuthi unaso, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Lesi simo singaba yingozi empilweni uma singelashwa.

Izinhlobo Zokungalingani Kwe-Electrolyte

Amazinga aphakeme we-electrolyte aboniswa ngokuthi "hyper". Amazinga anciphile e-electrolyte aboniswa ngokuthi "hypo".

Ukungalingani kwe-ElectrolyteIzimo ezibangelwa:

calcium: hypercalcemia kanye hypocalcemia

chloride: hyperchloremia kanye hypochloremia

magnesium: i-hypermagnesemia kanye ne-hypomagnesemia

phosphate: i-hyperphosphatemia noma i-hypophosphatemia

potassium: hyperkalemia kanye hypokalemia

sodium: hypernatremia kanye hyponatremia

calcium

I-calcium iyiminerali ebalulekile njengoba umzimba uyisebenzisela ukusimamisa umfutho wegazi nokulawula ukufinyela kwemisipha yamathambo. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukwakha amathambo namazinyo aqinile.

i-hypercalcemiakusho i-calcium eningi egazini. Lokhu ngokuvamile kubangwa:

- Hyperparathyroidism

– Isifo sezinso

- Izifo ze-thyroid

- Izifo zamaphaphu ezifana nesifo sofuba noma i-sarcoidosis

Izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza, okuhlanganisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu nowebele

- Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antacids kanye ne-calcium noma i-vitamin D supplements

- Imithi efana ne-lithium, i-theophylline

I-Hypocalcemia ayinayo i-calcium eyanele egazini. Izizathu yilezi:

- Ukwehluleka kwezinso

- I-Hypoparathyroidism

- Ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin D

- I-pancreatitis

- Umdlavuza wendlala yesinye

- I-Malabsorption

Imithi ethile, ehlanganisa i-heparin, imithi ye-osteoporosis, nezidakamizwa ezilwa nesifo sokuwa 

I-Chloride

I-chloride iyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe ibhalansi efanele yoketshezi lomzimba.

Lapho kune-chloride eningi emzimbeni i-hyperchloremia kwenzeka. Umphumela ungase ube:

– ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kakhulu

- Ukwehluleka kwezinso

– Dialysis

I-Hypochloremia iqala lapho kune-chloride encane kakhulu emzimbeni. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa izinkinga zesodium noma i-potassium njengoba kuchazwe ngezansi. Ezinye izimbangela zingabandakanya:

- Cystic fibrosis

Izinkinga zokudla njenge-anorexia

– Scorpion ihlaba

– Ukulimala kwezinso kakhulu

magnesium

magnesiumiyimaminerali ebalulekile elawula imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile njenge:

- ukufinyela kwemisipha

- isigqi senhliziyo

– Ukusebenza kwemizwa

I-Hypermagnesemia isho amanani amaningi e-magnesium. Lesi yisifo esihlasela kakhulu abantu abanesifo sika-Addison kanye nesifo sezinso esifika esigabeni sokugcina.

I-Hypomagnesemia isho ukuba ne-magnesium encane kakhulu emzimbeni. Izimbangela ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:

- ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa utshwala

- Ukondla okwanele

- I-Malabsorption

– Uhudo olungelapheki

– Ukujuluka kakhulu

- ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo

Eminye imithi, kuhlanganise nama-diuretics nama-antibiotics

potassium

I-Potassium ibaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni ukusebenza kwenhliziyo. Kuyasiza futhi ukugcina izinzwa nemisipha enempilo.

Ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu e-potassium i-hyperkalemia ingathuthuka. Lesi simo singabulala uma siyekwa singahlonzwanga futhi singelashwa. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa:

– ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kakhulu

- Ukwehluleka kwezinso

I-acidosis enzima, kufaka phakathi i-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela

Imithi ethile, kuhlanganise neminye imithi yomfutho wegazi kanye nama-diuretics

- Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Adrenal, lapho izinga lakho le-cortisol liphansi kakhulu

Lapho amazinga e-potassium ephansi kakhulu i-hypokalemia kwenzeka. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuba umphumela walokhu:

- Ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla

– Ukugabha kakhulu kumbe uhudo

– ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni

Imithi ethile, kuhlanganise nama-laxatives, ama-diuretics, nama-corticosteroids 

sodium

emzimbeni ibhalansi ye-electrolyte yamanziukuvikela ini i-sodium kubalulekile futhi kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile komzimba. Kuyasiza futhi ukulawula ukusebenza kwezinzwa nokufinyela kwemisipha.

I-Hypernatremia yenzeka uma kunesodium eningi egazini. Kungenzeka ngenxa yamazinga e-sodium aphezulu ngokungavamile:

– Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okunganele

– ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kakhulu

Ukuhlanza isikhathi eside, isifo sohudo, ukujuluka noma ukulahlekelwa uketshezi oluningi emzimbeni ngenxa yezifo zokuphefumula

Eminye imithi, kuhlanganise ne-corticosteroids

I-Hyponatremia iqala lapho kune-sodium encane kakhulu. Izimbangela ezivamile zamazinga aphansi e-sodium zihlanganisa:

– Ukulahlekelwa uketshezi okweqile esikhumbeni ngenxa yokujuluka noma ukusha

– Ukuphalaza kumbe uhudo

- Ukondla okwanele

- ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa utshwala

– Ukuntuleka kwamanzi emzimbeni

- Ukuphazamiseka kwe-thyroid, i-hypothalamic noma i-adrenal

– Isibindi, inhliziyo kumbe izinso

Imithi ethile, kuhlanganise nama-diuretics nemithi yokuquleka

- I-syndrome yokukhishwa okungafanele kwe-antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

phosphate

Izinso, amathambo namathumbu kusebenza ukulinganisa amazinga e-phosphate emzimbeni. I-Phosphate ibalulekile emisebenzini ehlukahlukene futhi ixhumana eduze ne-calcium.

I-Hyperphosphatemia ingenzeka ngenxa ye:

- Amazinga e-calcium aphansi

– Isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona

- Izinkinga zokuphefumula ezinzima

- Izindlala ze-parathyroid zimbalwa

– Ukulimala kakhulu kwemisipha

- I-Tumor lysis syndrome, umphumela wokwelashwa komdlavuza

Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-laxative aqukethe i-phosphate

Izinga eliphansi le-phosphate noma i-hypophosphatemia lingenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

– Ukusebenzisa utshwala kakhulu

– Ukusha okubi kakhulu

– indlala

- Ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin D

- Izindlala ze-parathyroid ezisebenza ngokweqile

- Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile efana ne-intravenous (IV) iron therapy, niacin namanye ama-antacids

Ukuxilonga Ukungalingani kwe-Electrolyte

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula kungakala amazinga e-electrolyte emzimbeni wethu. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubheka ukusebenza kwezinso nakho kubalulekile.

Udokotela angase afune ukwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba noma ukungalingani kwe-electrolyteinga-oda ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze iqinisekise Lezi zivivinyo ezengeziwe zizohluka kuye ngesimo okukhulunywa ngaso.

Isibonelo, i-hypernatremia ingabangela ukulahlekelwa ukunwebeka esikhumbeni ngenxa yokuphelelwa amanzi kakhulu emanzini. 

Udokotela angase ahlole ukuthintwa yini ukuze abone ukuthi ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kuyakuthinta yini. Ingakwazi futhi ukulawula ukukhalipha kwakho ngoba womabili amazinga anyukile futhi anciphile ama-electrolyte angathinta ingqondo.

I-electrocardiogram (ECG), okusho ukuqapha inhliziyo kagesi, ingaba usizo ekuhloleni ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, isigqi, noma izinguquko ze-EKG ezenzeka ngezinkinga ze-electrolyte.

Izinto Eziyingozi Zokungalingani Kwe-Electrolyte

Noma ubani angahlakulela ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte. Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu ngenxa yomlando wabo wezokwelapha. Izimo ezandisa ingozi yokungalingani kwe-electrolyte zihlanganisa:

- ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa utshwala

- I-Cirrhosis

- Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okuguquguqukayo

– Isifo sezinso

Izinkinga zokudla ezifana ne-anorexia ne-bulimia

– Ukuhlukumezeka okufana nokusha kakhulu noma ukuphuka kwamathambo

- Ukuphazamiseka kwe-thyroid kanye ne-parathyroid

- Ukuphazamiseka kwe-adrenal gland

Ungakuqeda Kanjani Ukulahleka Kwe-Electrolyte Emzimbeni?

Naka ukudla okunomsoco

Bir ukungalingani kwe-electrolyteIsinyathelo sokuqala sokulungisa inkinga ukuqonda ukuthi yaqala kanjani. Ezimweni eziningi, encane ukungalingani kwe-electrolyteLokhu kungalungiswa ngokumane wenze izinguquko zokudla kanye nokunciphisa ukudla okungenamsoco, ukudla okukhiphayo nokudla kwezindawo zokudlela, esikhundleni sokudla ukudla okusha ekhaya.

Buka ukudla kwakho kwe-sodium

Uma udla ukudla okupakishiwe noma okugayiwe, hlola amazinga e-sodium. I-sodium iyi-electrolyte edlala indima ebalulekile emandleni omzimba okugcina noma ukukhulula amanzi, ngakho-ke uma ukudla okudlayo kunesodium eningi, amanzi amaningi akhishwa yizinso futhi lokhu kungabangela izinkinga ngokulinganisa amanye ama-electrolyte.

Phuza amanzi anele (hhayi kakhulu)

Lapho inani lamanzi emzimbeni wethu lishintsha ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte kungathuthuka, kubangele ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni (amanzi anele uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-electrolyte aphezulu) noma ukuphelelwa amanzi ngokweqile (amanzi amaningi). 

Ukuphuza amanzi anele ngaphandle kokunisela ngokweqile amangqamuzana kusiza ukumisa amazinga e-sodium ne-potassium ekubeni akhuphuke kakhulu noma ehle kakhulu.

Hlola imithi yakho

Ama-antibiotics, ama-diuretics, amaphilisi e-hormonal, imithi yomfutho wegazi, kanye nokwelashwa komdlavuza kungathinta amazinga e-electrolyte.

Ukungalingani kwe-ElectrolyteIzinhlobo ezinzima kakhulu zesifo ngokuvamile zenzeka ezigulini ezinomdlavuza ezithola ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Izimpawu zayo zingaba zimbi kakhulu uma zingalawulwa ngendlela efanele futhi zihlanganisa amazinga aphezulu e-calcium egazini noma okunye ukungalingani okuba khona lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza efa.

Uma uqale umuthi omusha noma isithasiselo futhi ubone izinguquko esimweni sakho senhliziyo, amandla, ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokulala. ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte Xhumana nodokotela wakho ukuze unciphise izingozi.

Khulisa amafutha ngemva kokuzivocavoca

Uketshezi kanye nama-electrolyte (imvamisa esesimweni se-sodium eyengeziwe) kuvame ukudliwa abasubathi ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokuqeqeshwa. 

Ukugcwalisa ama-electrolyte kuye kwaba izincomo ezaziwayo iminyaka, futhi yingakho iziphuzo zezemidlalo namanzi acebile athandwa ngabantu abakhuthele kakhulu. 

Kubalulekile ukuphuza amanzi anele ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemuva kokuzivocavoca ukuze uhlale umanzi, futhi uma uzivocavoca isikhathi eside, ukugcwalisa izitolo zakho ze-electrolyte kubalulekile njengoba amanye ama-electrolyte (ikakhulukazi i-sodium) elahleka lapho ujuluka.

Ukunxephezela ukulahlekelwa uketshezi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca amanzi engeziwe, kufanele uphuze izingilazi ezingaba ngu-1,5 kuya kwezingu-2,5 ukuze uzivocavoce okufushane kanye nezingilazi ezintathu ezengeziwe uma uzivocavoca isikhathi eside kunehora. 

Uma umzimba ungenawo amanzi anele, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nokuntuleka kwamanzi kungabangela izinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi (ushintsho ekushayeni kwenhliziyo), amajaqamba emisipha, ukukhathala, isiyezi nokudideka.

Lokhu akugcini nje ngokulimaza ukusebenza kwe-aerobic jikelele, kodwa kungase futhi kubangele ukuquleka noma, ezimweni ezingavamile, izinkinga ezinkulu ezifana nesifo senhliziyo.

Qedela ukushiyeka

Ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu okucindezeleka, izici zofuzo, noma izimo zezokwelapha ezikhona, abanye abantu bangase bantule njalo kuma-electrolyte athile. 

I-Magnesium ne-potassium ama-electrolyte amabili abantu abaningi abaphansi ngawo. Ukuthatha izithasiselo ze-magnesium nsuku zonke kungasiza ukugcwalisa izitolo futhi kuvimbele ukushoda kwe-magnesium, enesibopho sezimpawu ezinjengokukhathazeka, izinkinga zokulala noma amajaqamba emisipha.

Ungakuvimbela Kanjani Ukungalingani Kwe-Electrolyte?

Bir ukungalingani kwe-electrolyteBonana nodokotela uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezijwayelekile ze

Uma ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte kubangelwa imithi noma imbangela eyinhloko, udokotela uzolungisa imithi yakho futhi aphathe imbangela. Ikusasa leli ukungalingani kwe-electrolyteKuzosiza futhi ukuvimbela

Uma uzwa ukuhlanza isikhathi eside, isifo sohudo noma ukujuluka, qiniseka ukuthi uphuza amanzi.

Ukungalingani kwe-Electrolyte kuyisimo esiyingozi. Ingabe nawe waphila?