Kodi Umami Ndi Chiyani, Imakoma Bwanji, Imapezeka Bwanji?

umamiNdi kukoma kotsekemera, kowawa, kwamchere ndi kowawasa komwe lilime lathu limamva. Patha zaka zoposa zana kuchokera pamene adapezeka, koma kukoma kwachisanu Chimatchedwa chaka cha 1985.

Ndipotu, ilibe kukoma kwake komwe. umami, ndi Chijapanizi ndipo amatanthauza kukoma kokoma m'chinenerochi. Dzinali limagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zinenero zonse. 

Umami ndi chiyani?

Mwasayansi umami; Ndi kuphatikiza kwa glutamate, inosinate kapena guanylate. Glutamate - kapena glutamic acid - ndi amino acid yomwe imapezeka m'mapuloteni a zomera ndi zinyama. Inosinate imapezeka makamaka mu nyama, pamene guanylate imakhala yochuluka muzomera.

amami aromaMadzi amapezeka muzakudya zokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, ndipo thupi limatulutsa malovu ndi madzi am'mimba kuti agayike mapuloteniwa.

Kuphatikiza pa digestion, umami-rich foodsali ndi ubwino wathanzi. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti zakudya zimenezi zimakhutitsa thupi.

Chifukwa chake, umami-rich foodsKudya kumathandiza kuchepetsa thupi mwa kuchepetsa chilakolako cha kudya.

Mbiri ya Umami Taste

Umami aromaZinapezeka mu 1908 ndi katswiri wa zamankhwala wa ku Japan, Kikunae Ikeda. Ikeda anaphunzira dashi ya ku Japan (chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m’zakudya zambiri za ku Japan) pa mlingo wa mamolekyu ndipo anapeza zinthu zimene zimaipatsa kukoma kwake kwapadera.

Anatsimikiza kuti mamolekyu okoma omwe ali m'nyanja zam'madzi (chinthu chachikulu) anali glutamic acid. Kuchokera ku liwu la Chijapani "umai" kutanthauza "zokoma"umami” anautcha dzina.

umamiSizinadziwike padziko lonse lapansi mpaka m'ma 1980, ofufuza atapeza kuti umami ndi chakudya choyambirira, kutanthauza kuti sichingapangidwe pophatikiza zokometsera zina (zowawa, zotsekemera, zowawasa, zamchere). Komanso chinenero chanu umami Anapezeka kuti ali ndi ogula apadera, akulandira mwalamulo mutu wa "kukoma kwachisanu".

Umami Amakoma Bwanji?

umami, mofanana ndi kukoma kokoma komwe nthawi zambiri kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi msuzi ndi msuzi. Ambiri umamiAmaganiza kuti ndi utsi, nthaka, kapena nyama.

Ngakhale anthu ambiri amati kukomako ndikovuta kufotokoza, mawuwa nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi zakudya zotonthoza komanso zowonjezera monga tchizi kapena chakudya cha China. 

zakudya zina zachilengedwe umami kununkhirangakhale ali nazo, Itha kuyambitsidwa panthawi yophika kudzera mumayendedwe a Maillard. Izi zimachititsa kuti chakudya chikhale chofiira pamene shuga ndi mapuloteni omwe ali mu amino acid amachepetsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale chosuta komanso chokoma.

umami imapanganso kumverera m'kamwa ndi kukoma kwake. Ma glutamates akavala lilime, amapangitsa kuti mbaleyo ikhale yokulirapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kumva kukhuta komanso kukhuta kwathunthu.

Mkamwa wamtambowu umasiya kukoma kwanthawi yayitali komwe kumapereka chikumbukiro champhamvu chomwe pambuyo pake chingayambitsidwe ndikuwona kapena kununkhiza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi zonse muzilakalaka zakudya zokhala ndi umami. Chifukwa zakudya zomwe zili ndi umaminthawi zambiri amalembedwa pamindandanda yazakudya kuti awonjezere malonda apompopompo.

chabwino "umami muli chiyani?“Nawa mapindu odabwitsa azaumoyo umami foods... 

Kodi Mu Umami Flavor Ndi Chiyani?

algae

Udzu wam'nyanja uli ndi zopatsa mphamvu zochepa koma zodzaza ndi michere ndi ma antioxidants. Ndibwinonso chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa glutamate. amami aromandiye gwero. Ndicho chifukwa chake nsomba zam'madzi zimawonjezera kukoma kwa sosi za zakudya za ku Japan. 

Zakudya Zopangidwa ndi Soya

Zakudya za soya zimapangidwa kuchokera ku soya, zomwe ndi chakudya chambiri cha ku Asia. Soya Ngakhale kuti imatha kudyedwa yathunthu, nthawi zambiri imafufuzidwa kapena kukonzedwa muzinthu zosiyanasiyana monga tofu, tempeh, miso, ndi soya msuzi.

Kukonza ndi kupesa kwa soya kumakweza kuchuluka kwa glutamate. Mapuloteni amagawidwa kukhala ma amino acid aulere, makamaka glutamic acid. 

Tchizi Zakale

Tchizi zakale zimakhalanso ndi glutamate. Tchizi zikamakalamba, mapuloteni awo amagawika kukhala ma amino acid aulere kudzera munjira yotchedwa proteinolysis. Izi zimakweza milingo yaulere ya glutamic acid.

Tchizi amene amakhala motalika kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, pakati pa miyezi 24 ndi 30) amakhala motalika kwambiri, monga Italiya parmesan. kulawa umami ali. Ndicho chifukwa chake ngakhale pang'ono pang'ono amasintha kwambiri kukoma kwa mbale.

Kimchi

Kimchindi chakudya chachikhalidwe cha ku Korea chopangidwa kuchokera ku masamba ndi zonunkhira. Zamasambazi zimaphwanya masamba popanga ma enzymes am'mimba monga ma proteases, lipases ndi amylases. Bacillus chofufumitsa ndi mabakiteriya.

Mapuloteni amathyola mamolekyu a mapuloteni mu kimchi kukhala ma amino acid aulere pogwiritsa ntchito proteolysis. Izi zimakweza mulingo wa glutamic acid wa kimchi.

Ndani basi umami Sikuti imakhala ndi mankhwala ambiri, imakhalanso ndi thanzi labwino, imadzitamandira pa thanzi labwino monga chimbudzi ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi. 

Tiyi wobiriwira

Tiyi wobiriwira Ndi chakumwa chodziwika bwino komanso chathanzi modabwitsa. Kumwa tiyi kumapereka maubwino ambiri, kuphatikiza kuchepetsedwa kwa chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga a 2, kutsitsa "zoyipa" zamafuta amafuta a LDL cholesterol, komanso kulemera kwa thupi. Kuonjezera apo, tiyi wobiriwira ali ndi glutamate, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotsekemera, zowawa komanso umami Ili ndi kukoma.

Chakumwachi chimakhalanso chambiri mu theanine, amino acid yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi glutamate. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti theanine imakhalanso yokwera umami kuwonetsa gawo pamagawo apawiri. 

mankhwala nyanja

Mitundu yambiri yazakudya zam'madzi umami ochuluka mumagulu. Zakudya zam'madzi zimatha kukhala ndi glutamate ndi inosinate. Inosinate ndi chinthu china chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera chazakudya. umami ndi gulu. 

nyama

nyama, kukoma kwachisanu Ndi gulu lina lazakudya lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi michere yambiri. Monga nsomba zam'madzi, mwachibadwa zimakhala ndi glutamate ndi inosinate.

Nyama zouma, zokalamba kapena zokonzedwa zimakhala ndi glutamic acid yambiri kuposa nyama zatsopano chifukwa izi zimaphwanya mapuloteni athunthu ndikutulutsa glutamic acid yaulere. 

Chicken dzira yolk - kupereka glutamate, ngakhale osati nyama umami taste ndiye gwero. 

tomato

tomato yabwino chomera zochokera umami flavour imodzi mwa magwero. M'malo mwake, kukoma kwa phwetekere kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa glutamic acid.

Magulu a glutamic acid mu tomato akupitilizabe kukwera pamene akukula. Popeza kuyanika kwa phwetekere kumachepetsa chinyezi ndikuyika glutamate umami Komanso kumawonjezera kukoma.

bowa

bowa, chomera china chokhazikika umami taste ndiye gwero. Monga tomato, kuyanika bowa kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa glutamate.

Bowa alinso ndi michere yambiri, kuphatikizapo mavitamini a B, omwe angakhale ndi thanzi labwino monga kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi ndi ma cholesterol.

Zakudya Zina Zokhala ndi Umami

Kupatula zakudya zomwe zili pamwambazi, palinso zakudya zina umami Zimakoma kwambiri.

Zina zazikulu pa 100 magalamu umami foods Zomwe zili mu Glutamate:

Msuzi wa oyster: 900 mg

Chimanga: 70-110 mg

Nandolo zobiriwira: 110 mg

Garlic: 100 mg

Muzu wa Lotus: 100mg

Mbatata: 30-100 mg

Pakati pa zakudya izi, msuzi wa oyster uli ndi glutamate kwambiri. Chifukwa msuzi wa oyster amapangidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa glutamate oyster yophika kapena oyster extract. umami wolemera mwa mawu a

Momwe Mungawonjezere Umami ku Chakudya

Gwiritsani ntchito zowonjezera za umami

Zakudya zina mwachibadwa umami zikuphatikizapo. Tomato wakucha, bowa wouma, kombu (zomera zam'nyanja), anchovies, tchizi ta Parmesan, etc. - zonsezi umamiZimabweretsa kukoma kwa Turkey ku maphikidwe.

Gwiritsani ntchito zakudya zofufumitsa

zakudya zofufumitsa mkulu umami ali ndi zokhutira. Yesani kugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza monga msuzi wa soya muzakudya zanu. 

Gwiritsani ntchito nyama yodulidwa

Nyama zakale kapena zochiritsidwa umami ili ndi kukoma kochuluka. Bacon, soseji yakale ndi salami, njira iliyonse umami Zidzabweretsa kukoma.

Gwiritsani ntchito tchizi zakale

Parmesan amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa pasitala, komanso chakudya. umami flavour sitima.

Gwiritsani ntchito zonunkhira za umami

Monga ketchup, phwetekere phala, nsomba msuzi, soya msuzi, oyster msuzi, etc. umami-rich spicesKugwiritsa ntchito kumawonjezera kukoma kwa mbale. Osachita mantha kupanga zatsopano, yesani zida zosiyanasiyana.

Chifukwa;

umami Ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zisanu zofunika kwambiri. Kukoma kwake kumachokera ku kukhalapo kwa amino acid glutamate - kapena glutamic acid - kapena inosinate kapena guanylate mankhwala omwe amapezeka muzakudya zokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri. Sikuti amangowonjezera kukoma kwa chakudya, komanso amachepetsa chilakolako.

umami Zakudya zina zomwe zili ndi zinthu zambiri monga nsomba zam'nyanja, nyama, tchizi zakale, udzu wa m'nyanja, zakudya za soya, bowa, tomato, kimchi, tiyi wobiriwira, ndi zina.

Mutha kuyesa zakudya izi pazokonda zosiyanasiyana.