He aha nā pono a me nā pōʻino o Salmon?

SalemonaʻO ia kekahi o nā meaʻai nui loa. ʻO ka mea kaulana loa a he wahi kūikawā i waena o nā iʻa sāmonahoemi i na kumu pilikia o na ma'i he nui.

ʻO ia kekahi o nā iʻa ʻono a ʻai nui ʻia. 

ma ka ʻatikala "nā pōmaikaʻi o ka iʻa iʻa", "waiwai waiwai o ka salmon", "nā ʻano salmon mahiʻai a me ka ʻāhiu", "ʻino o ka iʻa iʻa", "ʻai maka ʻia ka salmon" e kūkākūkā ʻia nā kumuhana.

He aha nā pono o ka Salmon?

Loaʻa i ka omega 3 fatty acids

Salemona; nā kaulahao lōʻihi e like me EPA a me DHA nā ʻakika momona omega 3 ua waiwai i salmon hihiuLoaʻa i ka 100 grams o ka palaoa he 2,6 grams o nā ʻakika momona omega 3 kaulahao lōʻihi, aʻo nā mea i hana ʻia ma ka mahiʻai he 2,3 grams.

ʻAʻole like me nā aila ʻē aʻe, manaʻo ʻia nā momona omega 3 he "momona pono", ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole hiki i ke kino ke hana iā lākou, pono e hoʻokō ʻia ma o ka meaʻai. ʻO ka nui o ka omega 3 fatty acid i kēlā me kēia lā he 250-500 milligrams.

Loaʻa iā EPA a me DHA nā pōmaikaʻi e like me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka mumū, ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pilikia o ka maʻi kanesa, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana o nā cell e hana i nā ʻaʻa.

ʻelua paha o ka pule sāmona ʻO ka ʻai ʻana iā ia e kōkua i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā ʻakika momona omega 3 pono e lawe ʻia.

He kumu maikaʻi loa ia o ka protein

Salemona; He waiwai ia i ka protein kiʻekiʻe. kumuʻiʻoHe nui kāna mau hana e like me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kino ma hope o ka hōʻeha ʻana, ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino o ka iwi a me ka nui o ka ʻiʻo, ka pohō kaumaha a me ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana i ke kaʻina hana ʻelemakule.

Ua ʻike nā haʻawina hou i ka ʻai ʻana i ka protein i kēlā me kēia pāʻina (20-30 grams) he hopena maikaʻi loa ia i ke olakino. ʻO 100 grams o kēia iʻa he 22-25 grams o ka protein.

Loaʻa i ka nui o nā huaora B

SalemonaHe kumu maikaʻi loa ia o nā huaora B. Malalo kai salmonHāʻawi ʻia nā waiwai o nā huaora B i 100 grams. 

Vitamin B1(thiamine): 18% o ka RDI

Vitamin B2(riboflavin): 29% o ka RDI

Vitamin B3 (niacin): 50% o ka RDI

Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid): 19% o ka RDI

Vitamin B6: 47% o ka RDI

Vitamin B9 (ʻakika folic): 7% o ka RDI

Huaola B12: 51% o ka RDI

Hoʻopili kēia mau huaora i nā kaʻina hana koʻikoʻi, e like me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka meaʻai i ka ikehu, ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka DNA, a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka mumū e hiki ai i ka maʻi puʻuwai.

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e pono e hui pū nā huaora B a pau no ka lolo a me ka ʻōnaehana nerve e hana maikaʻi loa.

ʻO ka pōʻino, nui ka poʻe i nele i hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha o kēia mau huaora. Salemona He kumu meaʻai kū hoʻokahi i loaʻa nā huaora B a pau.

He kumu maikaʻi o ka potassium

SalemonaHe kiʻekiʻe loa ka nui o ka potassium. salmon hihiuLoaʻa iā 18% o ka ʻai ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā no ka potassium, ʻoiai ʻo kēia ratio he 11% i ka salmon mahiʻai.

Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pāpaʻa ma mua o ka maiʻa, ʻo ia ka hua me ka nui o ka potassium. Kōkua ka potassium i ka mālama ʻana i ke koko a hoʻemi i ka pilikia o ka hahau ʻana.

Loaʻa iā Selenium

selenium He mineral ia i loaʻa i ka lepo a me kekahi mau meaʻai. ʻO Selenium kekahi o nā minerale e pono ai ke kino a he mea nui ka lawa ʻana.

Hōʻike nā haʻawina e kōkua ka selenium i ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino iwi, hoʻemi i nā antibodies thyroid a hoʻemi i ka pilikia o ka maʻi kanesa. o salmon Hāʻawi ka 100 grams i ka 59-67% selenium.

ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa iʻa i ka selenium e kōkua i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pae selenium i nā poʻe haʻahaʻa i kēia mineral.

Loaʻa i ka astaxanthin antioxidant

ʻO ka Antaxanthin kahi hui i ʻike ʻia he mea maikaʻi loa i ke olakino. He lālā kēia antioxidant o ka ʻohana carotenoid. salmon ʻO ia ka puaʻa e hāʻawi i kona ʻulaʻula.

Ma ka hoemi ana i ka oxidation o LDL (kino) cholesterol, astaxanthin hoonui HDL (maikai) cholesterol a pela e hoemi ai i ka pilikia o ka maʻi puʻuwai.

ʻO Astaxanthin e pale aku i ka lolo a me ka ʻōnaehana nerve mai ka mumū salmon omega 3 Hana pū ia me nā ʻakika momona. Eia kekahi, kōkua ka astaxanthin i ka pale ʻana i ka pōʻino o ka ʻili a ʻoi aku ka ʻōpio.

o salmon ʻO 100 grams o ia mea aia ma waena o 0.4-3.8 mg o astaxanthin, ʻo ka nui loa o ka salmon Norwegian.

Hoʻemi i ka pilikia o nā maʻi puʻuwai

Mau sāmona ʻO ka ʻai ʻana ia mea e pale ai i nā maʻi puʻuwai. ʻO kēia no ka mea sāmonahiki i ka palaoa ke hoʻonui i ka omega 3 i loko o ke koko.

Nui nā poʻe i loaʻa i ka omega 3 fatty acids pili me omega 6s i ke koko. Hōʻike nā haʻawina i ka wā e hoʻopilikia ʻia ke koena o kēia mau momona momona ʻelua, piʻi ka pilikia o ka maʻi puʻuwai.

ʻAi SalmonHoʻonui ia i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā momona omega 3, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā kiʻekiʻe o nā momona omega 6 a pale i ka maʻi puʻuwai ma o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā triglycerides.

Paipai i ka mumū

Salemonahe mea kaua ikaika ia e pale aku ai i ka mumū. Wahi a nā poʻe akamai he nui, ʻo ka mumū; ʻO ia ke kumu o nā maʻi maʻi mau loa, e like me ka maʻi puʻuwai, ka maʻi diabetes a me ke kanesa.

mau hana hou aku sāmona Hōʻike ia i ka ʻai ʻana e kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka mumū, kahi e pilikia ai ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kēia a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.

Mālama i ke olakino lolo

Salemona Aia nā haʻawina e hōʻike ana i ka poʻe e ʻai ia mea e hoʻonui i kā lākou hana lolo. ʻO ka iʻa ʻaila a me ka ʻaila iʻa e hōʻemi i nā hōʻailona depressive; Ua hoʻoholo ʻia he mea maikaʻi ia i ka pale ʻana i ke olakino o ka lolo o ka pēpē a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pohō hoʻomanaʻo pili makahiki i ka wā hāpai. Manaʻo ka poʻe loea e emi ana nā pilikia hoʻomanaʻo i ka wā ʻelemakule ma ka ʻai ʻana i kēia iʻa.

hakakā i ka maʻi kanesa

Hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia ka maʻi maʻi ma muli o ke kaulike ʻole o ka omega 3 a me ka omega 6 fatty acids i loko o ke kino, hiki ke alakaʻi i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mea ʻawaʻawa, ʻā, a me ka hoʻonui ʻole ʻia o ka cell cell.

e ʻai ana i ka salmonhiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka omega 3 fatty acids, ma laila e hōʻemi ai i ka mumū a me ka ʻona i loko o ke kino.

Nui nā haʻawina i hōʻoia e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka EPA a me DHA no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa a pale i ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi umauma. Hiki ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻiʻo ma muli o ka chemotherapy.

Kāohi iā ADHD i nā keiki

ʻO ka Omega 3 fatty acids, DHA a me EPA ke pāʻani i nā kuleana koʻikoʻi akā ʻokoʻa i ke kino. DHAʻO EPA ke kuleana no ka ulu ʻana o ka lolo ma mua a ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ʻoiai ʻo EPA e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ke ʻano a me ke ʻano. 

Ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi ʻo ka lawelawe ʻana i kekahi mau hui pū ʻana o DHA a me EPA hiki ke kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā hōʻailona ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) i nā keiki. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia hui ʻana he mea pono no nā keiki me ka autism a me ka dyslexia.

Hoʻomaikaʻi i ke olakino maka

Ua hōʻike ʻia ka haʻawina maʻi maʻi maka makahiki (AREDS) e nā ʻepekema ʻo ka poʻe i komo i ka ʻai mau i nā meaʻai momona i ka omega-3 fatty acids he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi macular. 

Salemona No ka mea he waiwai ia i ka omega 3 fatty acids, he mea maikaʻi loa ia i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā maka. 

Loaʻa i ka retina ka nui o DHA, ka mea e hoʻoponopono ai i ka hana o nā enzyme paʻa i ka membrane a me nā photoreceptors. Ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻiole me DHA e kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻike maka.

Kāohi i ka lauoho lauoho

SalemonaHe waiwai ia i ka omega 3 fatty acids, protein, vitamin B12 a me ka hao. Hoʻonui kēia mau meaʻai i ke olakino o ke poʻo, pale i ka nalowale o ka lauoho ma o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai i nā follicles, hoʻoikaika i ka ulu ʻana o ka lauoho a pale i ka lauoho mai ka nānā ʻole ʻana. ʻO ia ke kumu e mālama mau ai i ka lauoho sāmona pono e hoopau. 

Hoʻomaikaʻi i ke olakino ʻili

I kou wā ʻelemakule, hoʻomaka ka ʻike ʻana o nā laina maikaʻi, nā kikoʻeleʻele a me nā freckles. Nui nā wāhine ʻōpio he ʻaila a maloʻo paha ka ʻili, e maʻalahi lākou i ka ʻili a i ʻole ka ʻili ʻili. 

No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke olakino ʻili sāmona ka ai, paipai nui ʻia. ʻO ka Omega 3 fatty acids, ka protein a me ka vitamin D collagenE kōkua ia i ka hana keratin a me ka melanin. 

Kōkua kēia i ka ʻili e mālama i ka wai, no laila e hōʻemi ana i nā wrinkles a me nā laina maikaʻi. Kōkua ʻo Astaxanthin i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka bacteria a me nā radical oxygen toxic a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka elasticity o ka ʻili, a laila e hōʻemi ana i ka haki a me nā wahi ʻeleʻele.

He mea ʻono a he nui

He ʻokoʻa ka ʻono o kēlā me kēia kanaka, akā ʻo ka manaʻo nui sāmonaʻono kēlā palaoa. He ʻono kūʻokoʻa ko Sardines me ka ʻono iʻa liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā iʻa ʻaila ʻē aʻe e like me ka mackerel. 

He mea maalea no hoi. Hiki ke hoʻomoʻa ʻia, sautéed, puhi ʻia, kālua ʻia, kālua a paila ʻia paha.

Ke momona nei ʻo Salmon?

Ka ʻai ʻana i ka salmonKōkua i ka lilo a mālama i ke kaumaha. E like me nā meaʻai kiʻekiʻe-protein ʻē aʻe, hoʻemi ia i ka ʻai a hoʻomalu i nā hormones hoʻoponopono makemake. Ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai waiwai nui, piʻi ka metabolic rate.

Haʻawina i ka poʻe paona nui sāmona a me nā iʻa momona ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka omega 3 fatty acids e hoʻoikaika i ka pohō kaumaha, a no ka momona o ka ʻōpū kēia pohō kaumaha.

ʻO kekahi hopena ʻē aʻe o kēia iʻa i ka pohō kaumaha ʻo ia ka haʻahaʻa o ka calorie. salmon mahiʻai100 i ka 206 grams o ʻāhiu he 182 calories kekahi.

Ka ʻai ʻana i ka salmonKōkua ia i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaumaha ma o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka makemake, ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka metabolic rate, ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka naʻau o ka insulin a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka momona o ka ʻōpū. 

Mahiai a me ka Salmon Wild; ʻO wai ka maikaʻi?

Nā pōmaikaʻi o ka salmon Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻike meaʻai i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka haʻi ʻana. Eia naʻe, nā mea a pau nā ʻano salmon Ua like anei?

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea a mākou e kūʻai ai i kēia lā ʻaʻole i hopu ʻia mai ka ʻāina kūlohelohe, akā ua ulu ʻia ma nā mahi iʻa. No keia kumu nā pōʻino o ka salmonPono ʻoe e ʻike.

salmon hihiuhopu ʻia mai nā wahi kūlohelohe e like me ke kai, nā muliwai a me nā loko. Eia naʻe, puni honua o salmon ʻO ka hapalua mai nā māla iʻa e hānai iʻa no ka ʻai kanaka.

salmon hihiu, i ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea ola ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe, e hoʻohua ai i nā iʻa nui aʻe salmon mahiʻaihānai ʻia i kahi meaʻai i hoʻoponopono ʻia, momona momona, kiʻekiʻe-protein.

Waiwai Meaʻai Salmon

salmon mahiʻai ke hānai ʻia me ka ʻai iʻa i hana ʻia, salmon hihiu ʻai nā iʻa i nā ʻano mea ʻokoʻa ʻole. No laila, ʻelua waiwai o ka salmon ʻokoʻa loa.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ma waena o nā mea ʻelua ma ka papa ma lalo nei.

Ka waiwai waiwai o ka salmon ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o ka meaʻai ma waena He kiʻekiʻe ka salmon mahiʻai i ka omega 3 a me ka omega 6 a me ka momona momona.

He 46% ʻoi aku ka nui o nā calorie ma mua o ka momona. i hope, salmon hihiuʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā minerala, me ka potassium, zinc, a me ka hao.

ʻOi aku nā mea haumia i loko o ka salmon mahiʻai

Lawe ka iʻa i nā mea haumia ʻino mai ka wai a lākou e ʻau ai a me ka meaʻai a lākou e ʻai ai. Eia naʻe salmon mahiʻai, salmon hihiuHe ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pollutant ma mua o

ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mea haumia o nā mahiʻai ʻEulopa ma mua o nā mahiʻai ʻAmelika, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻano mai Chile. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau mea haumia he polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins a me nā pesticides chlorinated like ʻole.

ʻO ka mea haumia weliweli loa i loaʻa i loko o kēia iʻa, ʻo ia ka PCB, kahi pili ikaika me ka maʻi kanesa a me nā pilikia olakino ʻē aʻe.

Ma kekahi haʻawina, salmon mahiʻaiMa ka awelika, ka nui o ka PCB ma salmon hihiuua ʻike ʻia he ʻewalu manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o

ʻOiai paʻakikī ke ʻōlelo ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma kahi o ka mahiʻai salmon hihiuHe emi loa ka pilikia.

Mercury a me nā metala kaumaha ʻē aʻe

Ua ʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina he ʻekolu manawa ʻoi aku ka ʻona o ka salmon hihiu. Nā pae arsenic salmon mahiʻai, akā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka cobalt, keleawe a me ka cadmium ma mua osalmon lāʻaui hōʻike ʻia he kiʻekiʻe.

I kēlā me kēia kūlana, sāmonaLoaʻa nā metala o ka wai ma nā mea liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻole ia he kumu e hopohopo ai.

Nā lāʻau lapaʻau i nā iʻa mahiʻai

Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka iʻa i loko o ka lawaiʻa, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā iʻa mahiʻai i nā maʻi a me nā maʻi ma mua o ka iʻa hihiu. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā lāʻau antibiotic i ka meaʻai iʻa e pale i kēia pilikia.

ʻO ka hoʻohana pono ʻole a me ke kuleana ʻole o nā lāʻau antibiotic he pilikia i ka ʻoihana iʻa. 

ʻAʻole wale nā ​​​​antibiotics he pilikia kaiapuni, akā he pilikia olakino no nā mea kūʻai. Hiki i nā ʻāpana o nā lāʻau antibiotic ke hoʻoulu i nā hopena maʻi i nā poʻe maʻi.

ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic i loko o ka iʻa e hoʻonui ai i ka kūʻē antibiotic i loko o ka bacteria iʻa a hoʻonui i ka hopena o ke kūʻē ʻana i ka bacteria ʻōpū o ke kanaka ma o ka hoʻoili ʻana.

Hoʻoponopono koʻikoʻi nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ka iʻa. Ke piʻi ka iʻa i ke kiʻekiʻe e ʻai ʻia ai, pono e noho nā pae o nā lāʻau antibiotic ma lalo o nā palena palekana.

Hiki ke ʻai ʻia i ka Salmon? He pōʻino anei ka ʻai ʻana i ka Salmon Raw?

SalemonaNui kona mau pono olakino, no laila, he koho ʻono a kaulana ia no ka poʻe aloha iʻa.

I kekahi mau moʻomeheu, ʻai nui ʻia nā kīʻaha i hana ʻia me ka iʻa maka. ʻO ka mea kaulana loa Sushi'Dr.

Inā he ʻono ʻokoʻa kou, ka salmon Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻai maka. Eia naʻe, aia kekahi mau mea e makaʻala ai. 

ʻaneʻi "Ua ʻai maka ʻia ka salmon puhi ʻia", "ʻai maka ʻia ka salmon", "ʻino ke ʻai i ka salmon maka" pane i kāu mau nīnau…

ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa iʻa maka he pilikia i ke olakino

salmon maka e hoʻopaʻa i ka bacteria, nā parasite a me nā mea maʻi ʻē aʻe. Hiki mai kekahi o ia mau mea ma ke kaiapuni o ka i'a, a ma muli o ka hoʻohana hewa ʻana.

Salemonau 63 ° ʻO ka kuke ʻana i kahi mahana o loko o C e pepehi i ka maʻi bacteria a me nā parasites, akā inā ʻoe e ʻai maka, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kahi maʻi.

Loaʻa nā parasite i ka salmon maka

Salemonahe kumu ia o nā mea ʻino, i ʻike ʻia he mea ola ma luna a ma luna o nā mea ola ʻē aʻe, me ke kanaka.

ʻO nā helminths, nā ilo-like parasite a i ʻole nā ​​ilo pōʻai ka mea maʻamau. Noho nā Helminths i loko o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi kahi e ulu ai lākou a hiki i 12 mika ka lōʻihi.

No Alaska a me Iapana kēia a me nā ʻano ʻano roundworm ʻē aʻe. salmon hihiuda - a mai kēlā mau ʻāpana salmon maka Ua loaʻa ia i loko o ka digestive tract o ka poʻe e ʻai ana.

ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi helminth he pohō kaumaha, abdominal eha, diarrhea a ma kekahi mau hihia, he anemia.

Loaʻa nā maʻi bacteria a me nā maʻi i loko o ka salmon maka

E like me nā meaʻai kai a pau, sāmonaKe ʻai ʻoe i ka meaʻai maka, hiki ke hoʻohaumia ʻia me ka bacteria a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi maʻi hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi maʻalahi a koʻikoʻi.

salmon makaʻO kekahi mau ʻano bacteria a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi maʻi i loaʻa i loko

– ʻAi ʻona ka microbe

– Sigella

– Vibrio

- Clostridium botulinum

- Staphylococcus aureus

- Listeria monocytogenes

– Escherichia coli

- Hepatitis A

– Norovirus

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maʻi mai ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa ma muli o ka mālama hewa ʻana a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana, a i ʻole ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka iʻa mai nā wai i haumia i ka ʻōpala kanaka.

Pehea ʻoe e hōʻemi ai i ka pilikia o ka maʻi mai ka meaʻai?

salmon maka Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻai sāmonaE hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua i ka -35°C no ka pepehi ʻana i nā parasites i loko o ka iʻa.

Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole pepehi ka hau i nā pathogens āpau. ʻO kekahi mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai, ʻaʻole hiki i ka hapa nui o nā pahu hau hale ke loaʻa i kēlā anuanu.

Paʻa pono a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia sāmonaʻikea paʻa a pulu, ʻaʻohe ʻeha, ʻeleʻele, a ʻala ʻole.

salmon maka a i ʻole kekahi ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe a kani ka waha a i ʻole ka ʻāʻī, loaʻa paha iā ʻoe kahi parasite ola e neʻe nei i loko o kou waha. No laila e kuha koke.

ʻO wai ka mea pono ʻole e ʻai i ka iʻa maka?

Pilikia kekahi poʻe no nā maʻi ʻai nui a ʻaʻole loa salmon maka a i ʻole nā ​​mea iʻa maka ʻē aʻe. Ma waena o kēia poʻe:

- Nā wāhine hāpai

– Na keiki

– Ka poe kahiko

- ʻO kēlā me kēia me ka ʻōnaehana pale nāwaliwali, e like me ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi kanesa, ka maʻi ate, ka maʻi HIV/AIDS, ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kino a i ʻole ka maʻi diabetes.

I nā poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana pale nāwaliwali, hiki i nā maʻi lawe ʻai ke hōʻeha i nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi, ka halemai, a me ka make.