Okuqukethwe kwe-athikili
Abanye abantu iziyaluyalu zokudla Bangase bakubheke njengokukhetha indlela yokuphila, kodwa empeleni kuyizinkinga ezingathi sína zengqondo. Kuthinta abantu ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo nangokwenhlalo futhi kungaba nemiphumela esongela ukuphila.
Iziyaluyalu zokudla manje seyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengokuphazamiseka kwengqondo yi-"Diagnostic and Numerical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM).
Izigidi zamadoda nabesifazane emhlabeni wonke zinesikhathi esithile ekuphileni kwazo ukuphazamiseka kokudla waphila noma uzophila. Umehluko ongabonakala esihlokweni iziyaluyalu zokudlakuzokhulunywa futhi ulwazi mayelana nezinkinga zokudla okunomsoco Niyophiwa.
Yiziphi Izinkinga Zokudla?
Iziyaluyalu zokudlayisimo esivezwa ngemikhuba yokudla engavamile noma ephazamisayo. Lokhu kuvame ukuvela ngenxa yokuthatheka ngokudla, isisindo somzimba noma ukuma komzimba futhi kuvame ukuholela ezinkingeni zempilo. Kwezinye izimo iziyaluyalu zokudla kungabangela ngisho nokufa.
ukuba nenkinga yokudla Abantu ngabanye bangase babe nezimpawu ezihlukahlukene. Izithiyo ezinzima zenzeka ngenxa yokuziphatha okungalungile njengokukhawulela ukudla, ukuhlanza, noma ukuvivinya umzimba ngokweqile.
Iziyaluyalu zokudlaNakuba kungathinta abantu banoma ibuphi ubulili kunoma yisiphi isigaba sempilo, kwenzeka kakhulu entsheni nakubantu besifazane abasebasha. Eqinisweni, i-13% yentsha ineminyaka engu-20 okungenani eyodwa. ukuphazamiseka kokudla nokwenzeka.
Yini Ebangela Ukuphazamiseka Kwemikhuba Yokudla?
Ochwepheshe, iziyaluyalu zokudlaBacabanga ukuthi kungabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene. Enye yazo ufuzo.
Izifundo zamawele kanye nezokutholwa ezinakekela amawele ahlukaniswa ngesikhathi ezalwa futhi atholwa imindeni eyahlukene, iziyaluyalu zokudlaBathola ubufakazi obuthile bokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ifuzo.
Lolu hlobo locwaningo luveza ukuthi elinye lamawele ukuphazamiseka kokudla kubonise ukuthi elinye iwele lalinamathuba angu-50% okuthola lesi sifo ngokuvamile.
Izici zobuntu zinesinye isizathu. Ikakhulukazi, i-neuroticism, ukuphelela, kanye nokuthatheka kuyizici ezintathu zobuntu futhi ngokuvamile ukuphazamiseka kokudla kwandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa
Ezinye izimbangela ezingase zibe khona ukuthanda isiko, ukuba nomzimba omncane, kanye nombono wokuba buthakathaka ngenxa yengcindezi yabezindaba. Abanye ukuphazamiseka komsocoalikho kakhulu emasikweni angavezwanga emibonweni yaseNtshonalanga yokucwenga.
Nokho, imibono yokucwenga eyamukelwa ngokwesiko yandile ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. Nokho, kwamanye amazwe, bambalwa abantu ukuphazamiseka kokudla iyathuthuka. Ngakho-ke lokhu mhlawumbe kuyiphutha lezici ezimbalwa.
Muva nje, ochwepheshe baye basikisela ukuthi umehluko wesakhiwo sobuchopho kanye nesayensi yezinto eziphilayo iziyaluyalu zokudlauphakamise ukuthi kungaba neqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwe Ngokuqondile, i-serotonin ebuchosheni futhi i-dopamine amazinga angase abe enye yalezi zici.
Izinkinga Zokudla Ezivamile
I-Anorexia Nervosa
i-anorexia nervosa, cishe eyaziwa kakhulu ukuphazamiseka kokudlaIma. Ivamise ukuvela lapho umuntu esemusha noma esekhulile futhi ejwayele ukuthinta abantu besifazane abaningi kunabesilisa.
Abantu abane-anorexia bavame ukuzithola bekhuluphele ngokweqile; Bavame ukuqapha njalo isisindo sabo, bagweme ukudla okuthile, futhi banciphise kakhulu ama-calories abo. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ezihlobene ne-anorexia nervosa zihlanganisa:
- Ukuba nesisindo esincane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abaneminyaka efanayo nobude.
– Ukudla okulinganiselwe kakhulu.
- Ukuziphatha okungapheli kanye nokwesaba ukukhuluphala ukuze ugweme ukukhuluphala nakuba ungakhuluphali kakhulu.
- Ukuzama ukwehlisa isisindo ukuze ube mncane, ube kude nokuncipha okunempilo.
- Ukubeka isisindo somzimba ekhanda.
- Isithombe somzimba esihlanekezelwe, okuhlanganisa nokuphika ukuthi unesisindo esiphansi kakhulu.
Izimpawu ze-Obsessive-compulsive nazo zivame ukuba khona. Ngokwesibonelo, abantu abaningi abane-anorexia bamatasatasa ngemicabango engapheli ngokudla, futhi abanye bangase benze izinto ezinjengokupheka noma ukugcina ukudla ngokweqile.
Abantu abanjalo bangase futhi babe nobunzima bokudla phambi kwabantu noma ezindaweni eziminyene, futhi bangase babe nesifiso esinamandla sokulawula indawo abakuyo futhi banciphise amakhono abo esikhashana.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezingaphansi ze-anorexia - ukudla okunemikhawulo nokudla ngokweqile. Abantu abanohlobo oluvimbelayo balahlekelwa isisindo ngokudla, ukuzila ukudla, noma ukuvivinya umzimba ngokweqile.
Umuntu odla ngokweqile nokuzitika angase adle ukudla okuningi noma adle kancane kakhulu. Kuzo zombili izimo, bahlanza imizimba yabo ngokuhlanza ngemva kokudla, ukusebenzisa ama-laxatives noma ama-diuretics, noma ngokwenza imisebenzi efana nokuzivocavoca ngokweqile.
I-anorexia ingaba yingozi kakhulu emzimbeni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izimo ezinjengokuncipha kwamathambo, ukungazali, nokuphuka kwezinwele nezinzipho kungase kwenzeke kubantu abahlala nakho.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kubangele i-anorexia, inhliziyo, ubuchopho noma ukwehluleka kwezitho eziningi, nokufa.
I-Bulimia Nervosa
i-bulimia nervosakungenye inkinga yokudla eyaziwayo. Njenge-anorexia, i-bulimia ivame ukukhula phakathi nenkathi yokuthomba kanye nokuba umuntu omdala futhi ayivamile kubantu besilisa kunabesifazane. Abantu abane-bulimia badla ukudla okuningi ngesikhathi esifushane.
Isiqephu ngasinye sokuzitika ngokuvamile sihlala size sibe buhlungu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokuzitika, umuntu ngokuvamile uzizwa engakwazi ukuyeka ukudla noma ukulawula ukuthi udla kangakanani.
Ukudla ngokweqile kungafaka noma yiluphi uhlobo lokudla, kodwa ngokuvamile ukudla okungafanele umuntu akudle ngokuvamile.
Abantu abane-bulimia bese bezama ukulungisa ama-kilojoule asetshenzisiwe futhi bathole impumuzo ekuphathekeni kabi kwamathumbu. Imikhuba evamile yokukhipha indle ihlanganisa ukuhlanza okuphoqelekile, ukuzila ukudla, ama-laxatives, ama-diuretics, i-enemas, nokuzivocavoca ngokweqile.
Izimpawu zingase zibonakale zifana kakhulu ne-anorexia nervosa edla kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, abantu abane-bulimia ngokuvamile banesisindo esivamile kunesisindo esingaphansi.
Izimpawu ezivamile ze-bulimia nervosa zihlanganisa:
- Iziqephu eziphindaphindayo zokudlisa ngokweqile nomuzwa wokuntuleka kokulawula.
- Iziqephu eziphindaphindayo zokuziphatha okungafanele kokukhipha indle ukuvimbela ukukhuluphala.
- Impi yokuzenzela enethonya kakhulu ukuma komzimba nesisindo.
– Ukwesaba ukukhuluphala naphezu kwesisindo esivamile.
Imiphumela engemihle ye-bulimia ukuvuvuka komphimbo obuhlungu, ukuvuvukala kwendlala yamathe, ukuguguleka koqweqwe lwamazinyo, ukubola kwamazinyo, i-reflux, ukucasuka kwamathumbu, ukuphelelwa ngamandla kwamanzi emzimbeni kanye nokuphazamiseka kwama-hormone.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-bulimia ingabangela nokungalingani emazingeni omzimba we-electrolyte njenge-sodium, i-potassium, ne-calcium. Lokhu kungabangela isifo sohlangothi noma isifo senhliziyo.
I-Binge Eating Disorder
Namuhla, ikakhulukazi e-USA, okuvame kakhulu iziyaluyalu zokudlaKucatshangwa ukuthi ingenye ye ukuphazamiseka kokudla Ngokuvamile iqala ebusheni nasebudaleni kodwa ingakhula kamuva ekuphileni.
Abantu abanalesi sifo banezimpawu ezifanayo nalezo ezine-bulimia noma i-anorexia yokudla ngokuzitika.
Isibonelo, ukudla inani elikhulu ngokungavamile lokudla isikhathi esifushane ngenkathi uzizwa uhluleka ukulawula.
Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nokuphazamiseka okubili kwangaphambilini, abantu abanenkinga yokudla ngokweqile abakhawuli ama-calories noma bahlanganyele ekuziphatheni okuphuma ngaphandle njengokuhlanza noma ukuvivinya umzimba ngokweqile ukuze banxephezele ukudla kwabo.
Izimpawu ezivamile ze-bingeeating disorder zihlanganisa:
– Ukudla ukudla okuningi ngokushesha kuze kube yilapho isisu sisutha ngendlela engathandeki, nakuba umuntu engazizwa elambile.
- Ukuzizwa uhluleka ukulawula ngesikhathi sokudla.
- Imizwa yokucindezeleka, enjengamahloni, ukunengeka, noma umuzwa wecala, lapho ucabanga ngokuzitika ngokudla.
- Akukho ukusetshenziswa kokuziphatha okuhlanzekile okufana nokuvinjelwa kwekhalori, ukuhlanza, ukuvivinya umzimba ngokweqile, noma ukusebenzisa ama-laxatives noma ama-diuretics ukunxephezela ukudla.
Abantu abanenkinga yokudla ngokweqile bavame ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma abakhuluphele. Lokhu kungandisa ingozi yezinkinga zezokwelapha ezihlobene nokukhuluphala ngokweqile, njengesifo senhliziyo, unhlangothi, nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
I-Pica Eating Disorder
IPika isanda kukhishwa ngabakwaDSM. ukuphazamiseka kokudla Kuyisimo esisha ngokuphelele.
Abantu abane-pica badla izinto ezingezona ukudla njengeqhwa, ukungcola, inhlabathi, ushoki, insipho, iphepha, izinwele, indwangu, uvolo, amatshe, okokuhlanza izingubo.
I-Pica ingenzeka kubantu abadala kanye nezingane kanye nentsha. Ngakho-ke, lesi sifo sivame ukubonakala ezinganeni, kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nabantu abakhubazekile ngokomqondo.
Abantu abane-pica eating disorder bangase babe sengcupheni yokungenwa ushevu, izifo, ukulimala kwamathumbu, kanye nokuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco. Kuye ngezinto ezidliwe, i-pica ingaba yingozi.
I-Rumination Disorder
I-Rumination disorder, esanda kuqashelwa ukuphazamiseka kokudlaIma. Yisimo lapho umuntu ebuyisa ukudla akuhlafunile waphinde wakugwinya ngaphambili, akuhlafune akugwinye futhi.
Ukukhukhuma ngokuvamile kwenzeka phakathi kwemizuzu yokuqala engu-30 ngemva kokudla futhi kuvamile ngokuzithandela.
Lesi sifo singakhula ebuntwaneni, ebuntwaneni, noma lapho esekhulile. Ivamise ukukhula ezinganeni eziphakathi kwezinyanga ezintathu neziyi-12 futhi izihambela yodwa.
Izingane kanye nabantu abadala abanalesi simo ngokuvamile badinga ukwelashwa ukuze basixazulule.
Uma inkinga ingaxazululwa ezinsaneni, ingabangela i-arrhythmia, ukulahlekelwa isisindo kanye nezinkinga ezinkulu ezingase zibulale. ukungondleki kahlekungabangela a.
Abantu abadala abanalesi sifo bangase balinganisele inani lokudla abakudlayo. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi banciphe.
Ukugwema/Ukuphazamiseka Kokudla Okukhawulelwe
I-Avoidant/restricted food intake disorder (ARFID) igama elisha lesifo esidala. Eqinisweni, ithatha indawo yokuxilongwa okusungulwe ngaphambilini kwezingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kweyisikhombisa, okwaziwa ngokuthi "isifo sokudla kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa."
I-ARFID ivamise ukukhula ebuntwaneni noma ebuntwaneni, kodwa ingaqhubeka ize ibe umuntu omdala. Kuvamile ngokufanayo kwabesilisa nabesifazane.
Abantu abanalesi sifo bayenqaba ukudla ngenxa yokuntula isithakazelo sokudla noma ukungathandi iphunga elithile, ukunambitheka, imibala, ukwakheka, noma amazinga okushisa.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-ARFID zifaka:
- Ukugwema noma ukukhawulela ukudla okuvimbela umuntu ukuthi adle ama-calories anele noma imisoco.
- Imikhuba ethinta ukusebenza okuvamile komphakathi, njengokudla nabanye.
– Ukukhula okungekuhle ngokweminyaka nobude.
- Ukushoda kwezakhi zomzimba noma ukuncika ezithasiselweni noma ukuphakelwa ngamashubhu.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-ARFID idlulela ngalé kokuziphatha okujwayelekile okuthuthukile njengokukhetha ukudla kwezinsana ezincane noma ukudla okuncane kubantu abadala.
Ezinye Izinkinga Zokudla
ngaphezu kwesithupha ekuphazamisekeni kokudla Ngaphezu kwalokho, awaziwa kangako noma awavamile kangako iziyaluyalu zokudla nazo ziyatholakala. Lezi ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa ngesinye sezigaba ezintathu:
ukuphazamiseka kokuhoxa
Abantu abanalesi sifo bavame ukuba nokuziphatha okuhlanzekile njengokuhlanza, ama-laxatives, ama-diuretics, noma ukuvivinya umzimba ngokweqile ukuze balawule isisindo noma ukuma kwabo.
Ukudla ebusuku syndrome
Ukudla ebusuku syndrome Abantu abanesifo sikashukela bavame ukudla ngokweqile ngemva kokuvuka ebuthongweni.
I-EDNOS
Ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudlaKuhlanganisa nezinye izimo ezingaba khona ezinezimpawu ezifanayo kodwa ezingangeni kunoma yisiphi izigaba ezingenhla.
Esinye isifo esiwela ngaphansi kwe-EDNOS i-orthorexia nervosa. Okukhulunywa kakhulu kwabezindaba kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi, i-orthorexia nervosa iyinhlangano ehlukile eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni yi-DSM yamanje. ukuphazamiseka kokudla kufanele kwaziwe ngokuthi
I-Orthorexia nervosa Abantu abanesifo sengqondo bavame ukugxila kakhulu ekudleni okunempilo; Bazifela ngokudla okunempilo kangangokuthi kuphazamisa ukuphila kwabo kwansuku zonke.
Isibonelo, umuntu othintekile angase angawanaki wonke amaqembu okudla ngenxa yokwesaba ukugula. Lokhu kungaholela ekungondleki kahle, ukuncipha okukhulu kwesisindo, ubunzima bokudla ngaphandle kwekhaya, nokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo.
Ukwelashwa Kwezinkinga Zokudla
Ngenxa yobunzima nobunkimbinkimbi bezimo, iziyaluyalu zokudlaIthimba lokwelapha eliqeqeshiwe elisebenza ngokukhethekile
Izinhlelo zokwelapha zisetshenziselwa ukubhekana nokukhathazeka okuningi owesilisa noma owesifazane angase abhekane nakho ekuthuthukiseni impilo yakhe nokuphila kahle futhi ngokuvamile enzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomuntu ngamunye.
Ukwelashwa kwezinkinga zokudlaIzindlela ezisetshenziswayo yilezi:
Ukunakekelwa Kwezempilo Nokuqapha
Ukwelashwa kwezinkinga zokudlaukukhathazeka okukhulu ku ukuphazamiseka kokudla ukubhekana nanoma yiziphi izinkinga zempilo ezingaba umphumela wokuziphatha kwabo.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Kuzobandakanya isiqondiso sokudla okuvamile kanye nokuhlanganiswa kohlelo lokudla komuntu siqu.
Ukwelashwa
Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-psychotherapy, ezifana nomuntu ngamunye, umndeni, noma iqembu iziyaluyalu zokudlaIngasiza ekuxazululeni izimbangela eziwumsuka.
Ukwelashwa kuyingxenye yokwelashwa okuyisisekelo njengoba kunikeza umuntu ithuba lokubhekana futhi alulame ezenzakalweni zempilo ezibuhlungu phakathi nenqubo yokululama futhi afunde amakhono anempilo okubhekana nezindlela zokuveza imizwa, ukuxhumana nokugcina ubudlelwano obunempilo.
Imithi
Ezinye izidakamizwa zikhona ukuphazamiseka kokudlaukushintsha kwemizwa noma ukukhathazeka Kungaba ngempumelelo ekudambiseni izimpawu noma ekwehliseni ukudla kakhulu nokuhlanza ukuziphatha.
Ngenxa yalokho;
Iziyaluyalu zokudlakuwukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okunemiphumela engathi sína ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. Ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudlaUma unomuntu onjalo noma omaziyo, iziyaluyalu zokudla Funa usizo oluvela kuchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ochwepheshe
Imibhalo Okufanele Uyifunde
