Unogona Kudya Chikafu Chikaumbwa Here? Mhando dzakasiyana dzeMold uye maitiro avo

Mold pachingwa Unoitei kana ukazviona? Unoirasa mumarara here, kana kuti unochenesa chikamu chine chakuvhuvhu wodya chasara?

Iri idambudziko rinosangana nevanhu vazhinji. Ndine chokwadi chekuti uri kushamisika kuti ndeipi iri yechokwadi.

muchinyorwa "chii chinonzi mold", "mhando dzeforoma muchingwa" ve “Zvinokuvadza here kudya chingwa chavhuvhu?” misoro ichatsanangurwa.

Chii chinonzi mold muchikafu?

Muforoma iyo microscopic fungus, kuidya kunogona kuipa kune hutano hwedu. Kufanana nechowa hwayo, kune zviuru zvemarudzi akasiyana.

Mamwe akachengeteka kudyiwa, asi mazhinji anoburitsa muchetura mycotoxins anokonzera kurwara uye kunyange rufu. Pamusoro pezvo, vamwe vanhu vanorwara nekuumbwa uye vanofanirwa kugara kure nazvo. Ndosaka kubata neforoma muchikafu ibhizimusi rakakomba.

Nei mold ichimera pachikafu?

kukura kwe mold Zvinoda zvinhu zvitatu: organic matter, mvura, uye oxygen. Chikafu chinopa zvikamu zviviri zvekutanga. Mold yakafumurwa nemhepo ine zvese zvainoda kuti ikure.

Mold inoumbwa sei muchikafu?

Diki mold spores inofambiswa nemhepo. Kana mbeu idzi dzichimhara pachikafu, dzinoita midzi uye dzinokura kusvika dzaita zvigamba zvemhunga zvinoonekwa nemaziso. Kana dzakura, dzinobudisa spores itsva uye dzinodzisunungura mumhoteredzo, uye kutenderera kunoenderera mberi.

Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti mold ikure muchikafu?

Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa mwero wekukura kwe mold: iyo chaiyo mhando ye mold, chikafu chainokurira, uye ambient tembiricha nehunyoro. Kunyanya mukati memwedzi inopisa uye inonyorova yezhizha, tembiricha yakakwira uye marudzi mazhinji eforoma anogona kukura mumazuva mashoma, senge mold inokura pamuchero pacounter. Zvinogona kutora mavhiki akati wandei kuti mold iwedzere pakudya nemvura shoma mukutonhodza kwefiriji.

Chii chinonzi chingwa mold?

Mold ifungus inobva kumhuri imwe chete nefungus. Howa dzinorarama nokupwanya uye kusveta zvinovaka muviri kubva muzvinhu zvinokura pazviri, zvakaita sechingwa.

Zvikamu zvine makore zve mold yaunoona pachingwa ikoroni dze spores - uku ndiko kuwanda kwefungi. Spores inogona kutenderera mumhepo mukati mepakeji uye inosvika kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzechingwa.

Rudzi rwekuumbwa runosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwefungus - inogona kuva yakachena, yero, yakasvibirira, grey kana yakasviba.

Mhando dzeforoma dzinokura pachingwa Aspergillus, Penicillium, fusarium, mucor ve rhizopus inowanikwa. Uyezve, imwe neimwe yemhando idzi dzehowa dzine mhando dzakawanda dzakasiyana.

Chii chinoitika kana tikadya chingwa chine chakuvhe?

Zvimwe zviumbwa zvakachengeteka kushandisa, semhando dzinoshandiswa nemaune kugadzira chizi chebhuruu. Nekudaro, iyo fungi inoumba pachingwa inogona kukuvadza hutano hwako.

Zvinenge zvisingabviri kuziva kuti rudzi rwekuumbwa rwuri muchingwa, saka zviri nani kufunga kuti inokuvadza uye kusaidya.

Mukuwedzera, sezvo iwe unogona kufema spores yefungi chingwa chakaumbwa kudzivisa kunhuwa. Kana iwe uine allergic kune mold, kuiputira kunogona kukonzera mamwe matambudziko ekufema, kusanganisira asima. 

Usaedza kuchengetedza chingwa chakaita chakuvhe

Dhipatimendi reUnited States of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA) rinokurudzira kurasa chingwa kana mold yatanga pachingwa.

Kunyangwe iwe uchingokwanisa kuona mashoma makwapa efungus, midzi yawo ine microscopic inogona kukurumidza kupararira kuita chingwa chine porous. Saka usaedze kukwenya mold kana kuchengetedza zvimwe zvese zvechingwa.

Zvimwe zviumbwa zvinogona kugadzira chepfu inokuvadza uye isingaonekwe inonzi mycotoxins. Izvi zvinogona kupararira mukati memukati mezvingwa zvisingaoneki, kunyanya kana mold yakakura.

Kudya kwakanyanya kwemamycotoxins kunogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kwekugaya kana zvimwe zvirwere. Iyi chepfu zvakare inokuvadza mhuka, saka usape chingwa chakaumbwa kumhuka dzako dzinovaraidza.

Mukuwedzera, mycotoxins inogona kukanganisa matumbo nekushandura chimiro che microbes mumatumbo.

Mukuwedzera, zvimwe Aspergillus Kugara kwenguva refu kwakanyanya kune mamwe mamycotoxins, kusanganisira aflatoxins anogadzirwa nemhando, kunowedzera njodzi yegomarara. 

Nzira yekudzivirira sei kuumba chingwa?

Chingwa chakachengetedzwa pakupisa kwekamuri pasina zvigadziriso zvinowanzova nesherufu yemazuva matatu kusvika mana.

Dzimwe nzira, dzakadai sekuchengetedza uye zvimwe zvinongedzo uye kugadzira uye kuchengetedza chingwa, zvinogona kudzivirira kukura kwe mold. 

Mold Kudzivirira Materials

Zvingwa zvinogadzirwa neMisa zvinowanzova nemakemikari anochengetedza, kusanganisira calcium propionate uye sorbic acid, iyo inodzivisa kukura kwehutu.

Imwe nzira ndeye kushandisa lactic acid mabhakitiriya, ayo anoburitsa maasidhi ayo anodzivirira mold kukura. Parizvino, ivo vanowanzoshandiswa muchingwa chakaoma.

Vhiniga, sinamoni ve clove Zvimwe zvinonhuwira, zvakadai se Zvisinei, vanoshandura kunaka uye kunhuhwirira kwechingwa, saka kushandiswa kwavo kwechinangwa ichi kunogumira. 

Kuchengeta Chingwa?

Kazhinji mold spores haararame pakubika, asi chingwa chinogona kunhonga spores kubva mumhepo mushure mekubika - semuenzaniso, panguva yekuchekesa uye kurongedza.

Aya spores anogona kutanga kukura pasi pemamiriro akakodzera, akadai sekicheni inodziya uye ine hunyoro. Kudzivirira chingwa kuti chisave chakuvhuvhu unogona: 

ramba wakaoma

Kana ukaona mwando mukati mepacket yechingwa, shandisa pepa tauro kana jira rakachena kuomesa usati warongedza. Hunyoro hunokurudzira kukura kwe mold. 

zvifukidze

Chengetedza chingwa chakavharwa kuti chidzivirire kubva kumhepo inobhururuka. 

freeze

Refrigeration inononotsa kukura kwe mold. Chingwa chinotonhora chinomira kukura pasina kuchinja maitiro. 

Chingwa chisina Gluten chinotapukirwa nekuumbwa nekuti kazhinji chine hunyoro hwepamusoro uye kushandiswa kushoma kwemakemikari anochengetedza. 

Mhando dzakasiyana dzeChikafu Mold

black mold pazvokudya

Mhando dzakasiyana dze mold dzinogona kuva nechitarisiko chakasviba. Black toxic mold kuziva, chenjerera Varidzi vedzimba Stachybotrys chartarum kazhinji inowanikwa muimba yepamusoro.

Nekudaro, inozivikanwawo seblack bread mold. Rhizopus stolonifera Kune zvakare akawanda asina-chepfu marudzi emutema mold, kusanganisira 

Iwe unogona kusangana neblack mold pazvisimbiso zverabha zvefiriji yako kana pachikafu. Nepo izvi zvisingaratidzi kuti mune dema muchetura mold mumba mako, zvinofanirwa kufungidzira kuti zvinogona kukuvadza uye kurasa chikafu chiri mubvunzo, nyatso chenesa firiji, uye tarisa zviratidzo zveblack mold mumba mako.

pink mold pazvokudya

Pink moldy kukura pazvokudya zvingasava mold, asi kukura kwebhakitiriya. aureobasidium ve fusarium howa huviri hwakajairika hunokurawo neruvara rwepingi.

Pink mold inonyanya kuwanikwa muchingwa, zvigadzirwa zvemukaka uye nyama. Ngozi dzepink mold dzinosanganisira kutapukirwa kwekufema, kwegastrointestinal, kana weti.

white mold pazvokudya

white moldInowanikwa mukudya kwakasiyana-siyana, kubva pakurimwa chena nemaune kunze kwemamwe machizi kusvika kune fluffy white mold pamastrawberries nemimwe michero.

Marudzi mazhinji echakuvhu angaratidzika seakachena, uye kuomesa zvinhu, marudzi mazhinji ane mavara echakuvhu anogona kupfuura nepakati pekuti anoratidzika seachena asati agadzira mbeu dzinodzipa ruvara rwadzo. 

Kana chena mold isiri chikamu chine chinangwa chekugadzirwa kwechikafu (semuenzaniso, brie uye camembert cheese), fungidzira kuti ine chepfu uye bata chikafu chakakanganisika nenzira kwayo.

green mold pazvokudya

green mold Kazhinji inowanikwa mumichero yecitrus nechingwa. cladosporiumimhando yakajairika yegirini mold.

Inogona kuva nekunhuhwirira kwakasimba uye inonyanya kugumbura kune vanhu vane mold allergies. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko ekufema akadai sekufema uye kukosora, pamwe nekurutsa. clodosporium mold inogona zvakare kuburitsa mycotoxins, saka dzivirira kubuda.

orenji mold pachikafu

Fuligo septica ve aleuria aurantia kusanganisira zviumbwa zvakasiyana-siyana inogona kuita orange. Aya maorenji molds kazhinji ane slimy texture.

Kunyange zvazvo dzisina ngozi kudarika mamwe mavara ekuumbwa, dzinogona kukonzera matambudziko ekufema, uye mabhakitiriya anogona kuwanikwa pane mold yeorange.

Zvakare, mold yeorenji inonyanya kukura pahuni. Saka orenji mold ndeyekutyisidzira kwete kune chikafu chako chete, asiwo kune huni mumba mako.

dzvuku mold pazvokudya

Nepo marudzi akasiyana-siyana eforoma anogona kunge akatsvuka, red mold pachikafu ndiyo inonyanya kuwanda. ndiye Neurospora. Nepo rudzi urwu rwekuumbwa rusina njodzi pane mamwe marudzi eforoma, mamwe mold anogadzira mycotoxin anogona kuita seakatsvuka kana kuwanikwa padivi pezvitsvuku mune mamwe mamiriro. Nokudaro, kuchenjera kubata mutsvuku mutsvuku muzvokudya nekutarisira kwakafanana nemamwe maumbirwo.

blue mold pazvokudya

Bhuruu mold pachingwa uye yebhuruu mold yakarimwa nemaune kugadzira chizi chebhuruu, Penicillium imhando dzemhando. Mamwe (asi kwete ose!) Mhando dzePenicillium dzinobudisa penicillin. Vazhinji Penicillium mhando haina kukuvadza, asi vamwe havasi.

Kunyange zvazvo mold yeblue inonyimwa oxygen mublue cheese yakachengeteka kudyiwa, mhando imwe chete yeforoma inogona kuburitsa mycotoxins kana yakura kunze kwemhepo. Saka, idya chizi chebhuruu icho asi chibate sechingangoita chepfu kune mamwe mapundu ebhuruu.

Zvine ngozi here kufema mold spores muchikafu?

Kufema mold inoonekwa pachikafu kune njodzi uye kunofanira kudziviswa. Inogona kukonzera allergic reaction kana matambudziko ekufema.

Kana mold isingaonekwe, kunhuwa kwayo kunogona kuve nzira inobatsira yekuiziva - semuenzaniso, hwema hwemachira. Nekudaro, kana uchinge waona mold, dzivisa kuifuridzira.

Ko chakuvhe muchikafu chinogona kukurwarisa here?

Mold muzvokudya inogona kukuvadza munzira dzakawanda. Vamwe vanhu havawirirani nekuumbwa uye vanogona kuve nekuita kwakakomba.

Asi kunyangwe iwe usiri allergic, mold inogona kukonzera kutsamwisa kukufema kwako, gastrointestinal, kana urinary maturakiti. Mycotoxins inogadzirwa nedzimwe molds ine chepfu kenza inogona kuuraya.

Chii chinoitika kana iwe ukadya mold pazvokudya?

Allergic reaction to mold inosanganisira kuhwihwidza, kumhanya kana kuzara mhino, kukosora, post-nasal drip, maziso akatsamwa, mhino, huro, uye yakaoma, ganda rine makwasha. Varwere vane asthma vanogona kunge vaine chikosoro, kufema, kupfupika kwekufema uye kuoma kwechipfuva.

Avo vasina allergies vanogona kuramba vachisangana nematambudziko ekufema akadai sekuhwihwidza, kuhwihwidza, kutsimbirira chipfuva uye kunetseka kufema. Muzviitiko zvakakomba izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kuhutachiona hwekufema kana kunyange hypersensitivity pneumonia.

Ndechipi chikafu chinoita chakuvhuvhu nekukurumidza?

Mamiriro ekuchengetedza ane mhedzisiro yakakosha pakukurumidza kwechimwe chikafu chinoshanduka kuvhuvhu. Zvinhu zvese zvakaenzana, zvisinei, chikafu chine mwando wepamusoro chinotanga kuvhuvhuta.

Nokudaro, michero yakadai semastrawberries nemagaka mufiriji inogona kuumbwa pamberi pezvimwe zvokudya. Chingwa chechisikigo (pasina kuchengetedza) chakachengetwa pakamuri tembiricha chinogona kuumba nekukurumidza.

Ndeipi tembiricha inouraya mold spores muchikafu?

Zviumbwa zvizhinji zvinofa patembiricha ye60-70°C. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, mvura inopisa inowanzokwana kuuraya mold. Nekudaro, ramba uchifunga kuti mold haingori pamusoro pepamusoro: kupisa kunofanirwa kupinda mukati chero ipi zvayo mold iri kukura kuti iuraye. 

Uyewo yeuka kuti mycotoxins inogadzirwa nedzimwe mold inokwanisa kumira nekupisa kwakanyanya: Kufashaira kunogona kuuraya chakuvhe asi kuchisiya chepfu.

Semagumo;

Chingwa chakaumbwa Usadye, mold inogona kunge yapararira kune zvikamu zvechingwa zvausingaoni.

Chingwa chakaumbwa chikafu chinogona kuita kuti urware, uye kana uine allergic kuforoma, mold spores inogona kukonzera matambudziko ako ekufema. Unogona kuchengeta chingwa mufiriji kudzivirira mold.