Umami yog dab tsi, Nws saj li cas, Cov zaub mov twg tuaj yeem pom hauv?

umamiNws yog ib qho saj xws li qab zib, iab, qab ntsev thiab qaub uas peb tus nplaig pom. Nws tau ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo txij li thaum nws tau pom, tab sis thib tsib saj Nws txhais tau tias yog xyoo 1985.

Qhov tseeb, nws tsis muaj tsw ntawm nws tus kheej. umami, yog Japanese thiab txhais tau tias qab ntxiag saj hauv hom lus no. Nws yog siv los ntawm lub npe no hauv txhua hom lus. 

Umami yog dab tsi?

Kev tshawb fawb txiv neej; Nws yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm glutamate, inosinate lossis guanylate flavors. Glutamate - los yog glutamic acid - yog ib qho amino acid feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj proteins. Inosinate feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov nqaij, thaum guanylate muaj ntau nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag.

Lub aromaDej feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj muaj protein ntau, thiab lub cev zais cov qaub ncaug thiab cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo kom zom cov protein.

Dhau li ntawm digestion, umami-nplua nuj zaub movmuaj cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv. Piv txwv li, cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias cov zaub mov no ntau dua.

Yog li ntawd, umami-nplua nuj zaub movSiv nws pab kom poob phaus los ntawm kev txo qis qab los noj mov.

Keeb kwm ntawm Umami saj

Lub aromaNws tau pom nyob rau hauv 1908 los ntawm Japanese chemist Kikunae Ikeda. Ikeda tau kawm Japanese dashi (ib qho khoom siv hauv Japanese tais diav feem ntau) ntawm qib molecular thiab txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus uas muab nws qhov tshwj xeeb tsw.

Nws txiav txim siab tias qhov tsw molecules hauv seaweed (cov khoom tseem ceeb) yog glutamic acid. Muab los ntawm Japanese lo lus "umai" txhais tau tias "qab"umami”nws npe.

umamiNws tsis tau lees paub thoob ntiaj teb kom txog rau thaum xyoo 1980, tom qab cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias umami yog thawj qhov tsw, uas txhais tau hais tias nws tsis tuaj yeem ua los ntawm kev sib txuas lwm yam tseem ceeb (iab, qab zib, qaub, qab ntsev). Kuj koj cov lus umami Nws tau pom tias muaj cov neeg yuav khoom tshwj xeeb rau, tau txais nws lub npe ntawm "thib tsib tsw".

Umami saj li cas?

umami, zoo ib yam li ib tug qab ntxiag tsw feem ntau txuam nrog broths thiab sauces. Ntau umamiNws xav tias nws yog haus luam yeeb, av, los yog nqaij.

Txawm hais tias muaj coob tus neeg hais tias qhov saj tsis yooj yim piav qhia, lo lus feem ntau yog ua ke nrog kev nplij siab thiab cov khoom noj ntxiv xws li cheese lossis zaub mov Suav. 

qee yam khoom noj ntuj umami tswtxawm nws muaj, Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm ua noj ntawm Maillard cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no browns cov zaub mov raws li cov suab thaj thiab cov proteins hauv cov amino acids raug txo, muab nws haus luam yeeb, caramelized tsw.

umami nws kuj tsim kev xav ntawm lub palate nrog nws saj. Thaum glutamates npog tus nplaig, lawv ua rau cov tais diav tuab dua, uas ua rau muaj kev zoo siab thiab tag nrho satiety.

Lub qhov ncauj huab cua no tawm mus rau tom qab noj qab haus huv uas muab lub cim xeeb uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim tom qab pom lossis hnov ​​tsw, ua rau muaj kev xav tsis tu ncua rau cov khoom noj umami. Vim cov khoom noj uas muaj umamifeem ntau teev nyob rau hauv appetizer zaub mov kom nce kev muag khoom tam sim.

Okay "umami muaj dab tsi?“Ntawm no yog qee qhov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv xav tsis thoob umami zaub mov... 

Dab tsi nyob hauv Umami Flavor?

algae

Seaweeds muaj calories tsawg tab sis ntim nrog cov as-ham thiab antioxidants. Nws kuj zoo heev vim nws cov ntsiab lus glutamate siab. umami aromayog qhov chaw. Tias yog vim li cas seaweed ntxiv tsw rau cov kua ntses ntawm Japanese cuisine. 

Soy-Based Foods

Soy zaub mov yog tsim los ntawm cov taum pauv, ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm Asian cuisine. Taum pauv Txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem noj tag nrho, nws feem ntau fermented lossis ua tiav hauv ntau yam khoom xws li taum paj, tempeh, miso, thiab kua ntses.

Ua thiab fermentation ntawm soybeans nce tag nrho cov ntsiab lus glutamate. Proteins tau tawg mus rau hauv cov amino acids dawb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog glutamic acid. 

Qub Cheese

Cov laus cheese kuj muaj glutamate siab. Raws li cov cheese muaj hnub nyoog, lawv cov proteins tau tawg ua cov amino acids dawb los ntawm cov txheej txheem hu ua proteolysis. Qhov no nce qib glutamic acid dawb.

Cheese uas kav ntev tshaj plaws (piv txwv li, ntawm 24 thiab 30 lub hlis) feem ntau kav ntev tshaj plaws, xws li Italian parmesan. mus saj umami muaj. Tias yog vim li cas txawm tias ib qho me me cuam tshuam qhov tsw ntawm ib lub tais.

Kimchi

Kimchiyog ib txwm Korean tais ua los ntawm zaub thiab txuj lom. Cov zaub no zom zaub los ntawm kev tsim cov enzymes digestive xws li proteases, lipases thiab amylase. Bacillus fermented los ntawm cov kab mob.

Proteases zom cov protein molecules hauv kimchi rau hauv cov amino acids dawb los ntawm cov txheej txheem proteolysis. Qhov no nce qib glutamic acid ntawm kimchi.

Leej twg xwb umami Tsis tsuas yog nws siab nyob rau hauv cov tebchaw, nws tseem zoo kawg nkaus noj qab haus huv, khav theeb kev noj qab haus huv cov txiaj ntsig zoo li kev zom zaub mov thiab txo cov roj cholesterol. 

Tshuaj yej ntsuab

Tshuaj yej ntsuab Nws yog ib tug nrov thiab incredibly noj qab haus huv haus. Kev haus cov tshuaj yej no muab ntau yam txiaj ntsig, suav nrog txo kev pheej hmoo ntawm hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib, txo qis "phem" LDL cholesterol, thiab lub cev hnyav. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj yej ntsuab muaj glutamate siab, ua rau nws tsis tshua muaj qab zib, iab thiab umami Nws muaj saj.

Cov dej haus no kuj muaj siab hauv theanine, ib qho amino acid uas muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws rau glutamate. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tias theanine kuj siab umami qhia txog lub luag haujlwm hauv cov qib sib xyaw. 

khoom hiav txwv

Ntau hom nqaij nruab deg umami siab nyob rau hauv compounds. Cov nqaij nruab deg tuaj yeem muaj ob qho tib si glutamate thiab inosinate. Inosinate yog lwm cov khoom xyaw uas feem ntau siv los ua zaub mov ntxiv. umami yog ib qho compound. 

nqaij

nqaij, thib tsib saj Nws yog lwm pawg zaub mov uas feem ntau muaj cov as-ham. Zoo li cov nqaij nruab deg, lawv ib txwm muaj glutamate thiab inosinate.

Cov nqaij qhuav, hnub nyoog lossis cov nqaij ua tiav muaj glutamic acid ntau dua li cov nqaij tshiab vim tias cov txheej txheem no ua kom tiav cov proteins thiab tso cov glutamic acid dawb. 

Nqaij qaib qe qe - muab glutamate, tab sis tsis yog nqaij umami saj yog qhov chaw. 

txiv lws suav

txiv lws suav zoo tshaj cog raws umami tsw ib qhov chaw. Qhov tseeb, qhov tsw ntawm txiv lws suav yog vim nws cov ntsiab lus glutamic acid.

Glutamic acid qib hauv txiv lws suav tseem nce ntxiv thaum lawv loj tuaj. Txij li thaum cov txiv lws suav qhuav txheej txheem txo cov dej noo thiab concentrates glutamate umami Nws kuj txhim khu cov tsw.

Nceb

Nceb, lwm zoo cog-raws li umami saj yog qhov chaw. Ib yam li txiv lws suav, qhuav nceb nce lawv cov ntsiab lus glutamate.

Cov nceb kuj tau ntim nrog cov as-ham, suav nrog cov vitamins B, nrog rau cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv xws li txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov roj cholesterol.

Lwm cov khoom noj uas muaj Umami

Dhau li ntawm cov khoom noj saum toj no, qee yam khoom noj kuj tseem muaj umami Nws qab qab heev.

Lwm qhov siab ntawm 100 grams umami zaub mov Glutamate cov ntsiab lus rau:

Oyster sauce: 900 mg

Pob kws: 70-110 mg

Ntsuab peas: 110 mg

Qej: 100 mg

Lotus cag: 100mg

Qos yaj ywm: 30-100 mg

Ntawm cov khoom noj no, oyster sauce muaj cov ntsiab lus glutamate siab tshaj plaws. Vim hais tias oyster sauce yog tsim los nrog cov ntsiab lus siab glutamate ntawm boiled oysters los yog oyster extract. umami nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm

Yuav Ua Li Cas Ntxiv Umami rau Khoom Noj

Siv cov khoom xyaw umami-nplua nuj

Qee cov zaub mov zoo umami suav nrog. Txiv lws suav siav, nceb qhuav, kombu (seaweed), anchovies, parmesan cheese, thiab lwm yam. - tag nrho cov no umamiNws coj tus saj ntawm qaib ntxhw rau zaub mov txawv.

Siv cov khoom noj fermented

fermented zaub mov siab umami muaj cov ntsiab lus. Sim siv cov khoom xyaw xws li kua ntses hauv koj cov zaub mov. 

Siv cov nqaij kho

Cov nqaij qub los kho umami nws muaj ntau yam tsw. Bacon, qub hnyuv ntxwm thiab salami, txhua daim ntawv qhia umami Nws yuav coj tsw.

Siv cov cheese qub

Parmesan tsis tsuas yog siv rau pasta, tab sis kuj rau pluas noj. umami tsw tsheb ciav hlau.

Siv umami-nplua nuj txuj lom

Xws li ketchup, lws suav muab tshuaj txhuam, ntses ntses, kua ntses, oyster sauce, thiab lwm yam. umami-nplua nuj txuj lomSiv nws ntxiv qhov tsw rau cov tais diav. Tsis txhob ntshai innovate, sim cov khoom sib txawv.

Vim li ntawd;

umami Nws yog ib qho ntawm tsib qhov yooj yim flavors. Nws tsw yog los ntawm muaj cov amino acid glutamate - los yog glutamic acid - los yog inosinate los yog guanylate tebchaw feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv high-protein zaub mov. Nws tsis tsuas yog txhim kho cov saj ntawm cov zaub mov, tab sis kuj txo qhov qab los noj mov.

umami Qee cov khoom noj uas muaj cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yog cov nqaij nruab deg, nqaij, cov hnub nyoog cheese, seaweeds, soy zaub mov, nceb, txiv lws suav, kimchi, tshuaj yej ntsuab, thiab lwm yam.

Koj tuaj yeem sim cov zaub mov no rau kev saj sib txawv.