Kuyini I-Allergy Yokudla, Kungani Kwenzeka? I-Allergies Yokudla Ejwayelekile Kakhulu

ukungezwani nokudla ivame kakhulu. Kuthinta cishe u-5% wabantu abadala kanye no-8% wezingane. Ukungezwani nokudla okuningi kungakhula. 

Kuyini I-Food Allergy?

ukungezwani nokudla ya da ukungezwani nokudlayizimo lapho ukudla okuthile kubangela ukusabela komzimba. Kwenzeka ngoba amasosha omzimba abona ngephutha amanye amaprotheni ekudleni njengayingozi.

Umzimba ube usuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela eziningana, okuhlanganisa nokukhululwa kwamakhemikhali afana ne-histamine abangela ukuvuvukala.

Abantu abangezwani nokudla bangadala ukuthi bangezwani nanoma ngabe bechayeka ngamanani amancane alokho kudla.

Izimpawu zingavela noma yikuphi ukusuka emaminithini kuya emahoreni ngemva kokuchayeka. Labo abangezwani nokudla ngokuvamile babonisa lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo.

 Izimpawu Zokwaliwa Kokudla

– Ukuvuvukala kolimi, umlomo nobuso

- ukuphelelwa umoya

– umfutho wegazi ophansi

– ukuhlanza

- Uhudo

- Urticaria

– Ukuqubuka okulumelayo

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ukungezwani nokudlakungabangela i-anaphylaxis. I-Anaphylaxis iwukungezwani komzimba okubi kakhulu okuqala ngokuzumayo futhi kungabangela ukufa.

Ku-anaphylaxis, izimpawu ezinjengobomvu, ukulunywa, ukuvuvukala komphimbo nokwehla komfutho wegazi ngokuvamile zibonakala.

Izimpawu zivame ukuvela ngokushesha futhi zibe zimbi ngokushesha; Izimpawu ze-anaphylaxis ziyi:

– Ukwehla ngokushesha komfutho wegazi

– Ukuzwa ukwesaba, ukukhathazeka

– Kuyaluma, umphimbo okitazayo

- Isicanucanu

- izinkinga zokuphefumula eziya ziba zimbi

- Ukuluma kwesikhumba nokuqubuka kungabhebhetheka ngokushesha futhi kuvale umzimba wonke

– ukuthimula

- amehlo agijima nekhala

- Tachycardia (ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo)

- Ukuvuvukala komphimbo, izindebe, ubuso nomlomo

– ukuhlanza

- Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi

Izimbangela ezivamile ze-anaphylaxis zihlanganisa ukulunywa yizinambuzane, ukudla, nemithi. I-Anaphylaxis ibangelwa ukukhululwa kwamaprotheni ezinhlotsheni ezithile zamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi.

Lawa maprotheni ayizinto ezingadala ukungezwani komzimba noma zenze ukusabela kube kubi kakhulu. Ukukhululwa kwawo kungase kubangelwe ukusabela kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni noma okunye okungahlobene namasosha omzimba.

ukungezwani nokudlaIzimpawu ezingase zenzeke ngokushesha esikhumbeni zihlanganisa ukuqubuka okulumelayo, ukuvuvukala komphimbo noma udebe, ukuphelelwa umoya, nomfutho wegazi ophansi. Ezinye izimo zingase zibulale.

ukungezwani nokudla ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko. IgE (I-Immunoglobulin E) amasosha omzimba kanye nama-antibody angenayo i-IgE. Ama-antibody awuhlobo lwamaprotheni egazi asetshenziswa amasosha omzimba ukuze abone futhi alwe nezifo.

eya IgE ukungezwani nokudlaI-antibody ye-IgE ikhishwa amasosha omzimba. I-IgE-mahhala ukungezwani nokudlaEkugcineni, amasosha omzimba e-IgE awakhululwa futhi asetshenziswa ezinye izingxenye zamasosha omzimba ukulwa nosongo olucatshangwayo.

Nazi ezivame kakhulu ukungezwani nokudla...

I-Allergies Yokudla Ejwayelekile Kakhulu

ukungezwani nobisi lwenkomo

Ukungezwani nobisi lwenkomo kuvame kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezinsaneni nasezinganeni. ukungezwani nokudlaungomunye wabo. Kungenye yezifo ezivame kakhulu zezingane, ezithinta u-2-3% wezinsana nezingane.

Ukungezwani nobisi lwenkomo kungenzeka kuzo zombili izinhlobo ze-IgE kanye ne-non-IgE, kodwa i-IgE yisimo esivame kakhulu futhi esingaba yingozi kakhulu ekungalungini komzimba nobisi lwenkomo.

Ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abane-IgE yokungezwani nomzimba, ubisi lwenkomo lusabela ngemva kwemizuzu engu-5-30 ngemva kokulunywa. Izimpawu ezifana nokuvuvukala, ubomvu, urticaria, ukuhlanza futhi, ezimweni ezingavamile, i-anaphylaxis ibonakala.

Ukungezwani komzimba okungeyona i-IgE ngokuvamile kubangela ukuvuvukala kodonga lwamathumbu kanye nezimpawu ezisekelwe emathunjini njengokuhlanza noma isifo sohudo. Kunzima ukuthola ukungezwani nobisi okungeyona i-IgE.

Ngoba ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zingakhomba ezinye izimo futhi akukho ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kutholakale. Uma kutholakala ukuthi i-allergy yobisi lwenkomo, ukuphela kwendlela yokwelapha ukugwema ubisi lwenkomo nokudla okuqukethe. Lokhu kudla neziphuzo kubandakanya;

- Ubisi

- Impushana yobisi

- Ushizi

- Ibhotela

- Imajarini

- I-yogurt

– Ukhilimu

- Ukhilimu oyiqhwa

ukungezwani neqanda

Ukungezwani komzimba namaqanda kungokwesibili okuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ngemva kokungezwani nobisi lwenkomo. ukungezwani nokudlakuyinto U-68% wezingane ezinokungezwani neqanda zinokwaliwa lapho zineminyaka engu-16. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zokungezwani neqanda yizi:

– Izifo zohlelo lokugaya ukudla ezifana nobuhlungu besisu

- Ukusabela kwesikhumba njengokuqubuka

– Izinkinga zokuphefumula

- I-Anaphylaxis (akuvamile)

Ukungezwani neqanda kuvamile iqandaImelene nokumhlophe kokuphuzi, hhayi okuphuzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaprotheni eqanda elimhlophe ne-yolk ahlukile komunye nomunye. Amaprotheni amaningi abangela ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile atholakala kumhlophe kweqanda.

Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela ngokumelene nokungezwani komzimba namaqanda, njengamanye ama-allergies, kuyadingeka ukuba uhlale kude namaqanda. Ezimweni zokupheka, kungase kungadingeki ukugwema okunye ukudla okwenziwe ngamaqanda, njengoba ukuma kwamaprotheni abangela ukungezwani komzimba kuzoshintsha.

Kulezi zimo, umzimba awuboni amaprotheni njengayingozi futhi amathuba okusabela ayancipha. Nokho, lokhu akusebenzi kuwo wonke umuntu.

Ukungezwani namantongomane

Ukungezwani namantongomane kuwukwaliwa kwezinye izimbewu ezitholakala ezihlahleni. Ukungezwani namantongomane kungenzeka lapho udla ukudla okulandelayo:

- I-Brazil nut

- I-alimondi

– Ukheshi

- Pistachios

- Pine nuts

- I-Walnut

Labo abangezwani namantongomane bakhombisa ukungezwani nemikhiqizo efana nama-hazelnuts nama-hazelnut paste enziwe ngawo. Ngisho noma ungezwani nohlobo olulodwa noma ezimbili zamantongomane, kufanele ugweme wonke amantongomane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi; Labo abangezwani nenati elilodwa basengozini enkulu yokungezwani nezinye izinhlobo zamantongomane.

Ngokungafani nezinye izinto ezingezwani nomzimba, ukungezwani namantongomane kuhlala impilo yonke. Lokhu kungezwani komzimba kungaba kubi kakhulu, futhi ukungezwani namantongomane kubangele ukufa okungama-50% okuhlobene ne-anaphylaxis.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kunconywa ukuthi labo abangezwani namantongomane bahlale bephethe i-epipen (isipetu esinepeni elenziwe ngemithi elivimbela iziguli ezingezwani kakhulu ukuthi zingangeni ku-anaphylaxis) uma kwenzeka kuba nezimo ezisongela ukuphila.

ukungezwani ne-peanut

Ukungezwani namantongomane nakho kuwuhlobo oluvamile. Ezinye izimo zingaba zimbi kakhulu futhi zibangele ukungezwani okubulalayo. Labo abangezwani namantongomane bavame ukungezwani namantongomane.

Nakuba isizathu esiqondile sokuthuthukisa ukungezwani komzimba wamakinati singaziwa, kuyaziwa ukuthi labo abanomlando wokungezwani komzimba wamakinati emndenini basengozini enkulu. Ukwaliwa amantongomane kuthinta u-4-8% wezingane kanye no-1-2% wabantu abadala. Cishe u-15-22% wezingane eziqala ukungezwani ne-peanut ziyawukhulisa phakathi neminyaka yazo yobusha.

Njengamanye ama-allergies, ukungezwani ne-peanut kutholakala kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yomlando wesiguli, ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kanye nokusabela ekudleni. 

Ukuphela kwendlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo yokulwa nalokhu kungezwani komzimba ukugwema amantongomane nemikhiqizo yamakinati. Kodwa-ke, kuthuthukiswa izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha zezingane ezinokungezwani komzimba namantongomane. Enye yalezi zindlela zokwelapha iwukusebenzisa amanani amancane ngaphansi kokulawulwa okuqinile ukuze unciphise ukungezwani komzimba. amantongomane kuhlanganisa nokupha.

Ukungezwani ne-shellfish

Ukungezwani komzimba nezimbaza kwenzeka lapho umzimba uhlasela amaprotheni e-shellfish nomndeni we-mollusc owaziwa ngokuthi ama-crustaceans. igobolondo ukungezwani komzimba kungase kwenzeke kuma-crustaceans alandelayo;

- Shrimp

- Isikhuphashe

- Isikhuphashe

– Ingwane

- Clam 

I-trigger evame kakhulu ye-shellfish yokungezwani komzimba yi-protein ebizwa ngokuthi i-tropomyosin.

Amanye amaprotheni ahilelekile ekuqaliseni impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba i-arginine, i-kinase, ne-myosin light chain. Izimpawu zokungezwani ne-shellfish ngokuvamile zivela ngokushesha. Izimpawu zayo ziyafana nezinye izifo ze-IgE.

Ukungezwani nokudla kwasolwandle kwangempela ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukuhlukanisa kusukela ekuphenduleni okubi ekungcolisweni kokunye ukudla kwasolwandle okufana namagciwane, amagciwane, nezimuncagazi. 

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimpawu zayo ziyefana, njengoba zingadala izinkinga zokugaya ukudla njengokuhlanza, isifo sohudo nobuhlungu besisu. Ukuze ungathinteki ukungezwani nezimbaza, le mikhiqizo akufanele idliwe.

ukungezwani nokolweni

Ukungezwani nokolweni kuwukungezwani komzimba nenye yamaprotheni atholakala kukolweni. Ithinta kakhulu izingane. Izingane ezinokwaliwa kukakolweni ngokuvamile ziyakhula lapho sezineminyaka eyishumi ubudala.

Njengamanye ama-allergies, ukungezwani nokolweni kungabangela ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla, ukuhlanza, ukuqubuka, ukuvuvukala, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-anaphylaxis.

Ngoba ngokuvamile kubonisa izimpawu ezifanayo zokugaya ukudla isifo se-celiac kanye nokungezwani ne-gluten. Ukungezwani kukakolweni kwangempela kubangela ukusabela komzimba kwelinye lamakhulu amaprotheni atholakala kukolweni.

Lokhu kusabela kungaba nzima futhi ngezinye izikhathi kubulale. Isifo se-Celiac kanye nokuzwela kwe-gluten akusongela ukuphila. Kulokhu, umzimba uba nokusabela okungavamile kwamasosha omzimba kuphrotheni ethile (gluten) etholakala kukolweni.

Labo abanesifo se-celiac kanye nokuzwela kwe-gluten kufanele bagweme ukolweni nezinye izinhlamvu eziqukethe i-gluten. Labo abangezwani nokolweni kufanele bagweme ukolweni futhi bangakwazi ukubekezelela i-gluten ezinhlamvu ezingenakolweni.

Ukungezwani nokolweni kuvame ukuhlonzwa ngokuhlolwa kwesikhumba. Indlela yokuvimbela ukungezwani kukakolweni ukuhlala kude nemikhiqizo kakolweni nekakolweni. Kufanele futhi uhlale kude nobuhle kanye nemikhiqizo yezimonyo equkethe ukolweni.

ukungezwani nesoya

Ukungezwani nesoya kuthinta u-0.4% wezingane futhi kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala. Lokhu kungezwani komzimba kubangelwa iphrotheni ekubhontshisi wesoya kanye nemikhiqizo equkethe ubhontshisi wesoya. U-70% wezingane ezinokungezwani nesoya zizoba nokungezwani komzimba lapho sezikhulile.

Izimpawu zokungezwani nesoya zihlanganisa ukulunywa, ikhala eligijimayo, isifuba somoya, nokuphazamiseka kokuphefumula.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, kungabangela i-anaphylaxis. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ezinye izingane ezinokungezwani nobisi lwenkomo nazo ziba nokungezwani nesoya.

Izimbangela zokudla ezivamile zokungezwani komzimba nesoya yimikhiqizo yesoya efana nobhontshisi wesoya, ubisi lwesoya, nesoso yesoya. Ngoba isoya ingatholakala emikhiqizweni eminingi yokudla, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufunda ilebula yomkhiqizo owuthengayo. Njengamanye ama-allergies, ukuphela kwendlela yokwelashwa kwe-soy allergy ukugwema le mikhiqizo.

ukungezwani nezinhlanzi

Ukungezwani nezinhlanzi kuthinta u-2% wabantu abadala. Ukungezwani nezinhlanzi, ngokungafani nezinye izinto ezingezwani nazo emzimbeni, kwenzeka kamuva ekuphileni.

Njengokwaliwa kwe-shellfish, ukungezwani nezinhlanzi kungabangela ukungezwani okukhulu futhi okungase kube yingozi. Izimpawu zayo eziyinhloko ukuhlanza kanye nesifo sohudo, futhi ezimweni ezingavamile, i-anaphylaxis. Abantu abangezwani nezinhlanzi banikezwa i-epipen uma kwenzeka bedla izinhlanzi ngephutha.

Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zingafana, ukungezwani kwezinhlanzi kuyiphutha njengokusabela emfucumfucwini efana namagciwane, amagciwane, ubuthi ezinhlanzini.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-shellfish ne-fin fish azinawo amaprotheni afanayo, abantu abangazwani nama-crustaceans bangase bangezwani nezinhlanzi. Labo abangezwani nezinhlanzi bangase bangezwani nenhlanzi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu.

Uhlu Lokudla Lokungezwani Nomzimba

kuchazwe ngenhla ukungezwani nokudla yizona ezivame kakhulu. Kukhona nokungezwani nokudla okuhlukene. akuvamile ukubonwa ukungezwani nokudla Ukuluma kancane kwezindebe nomlomo (i-oral allergies syndrome) kungase kuvezwe nezimpawu kusukela ku-anaphylaxis esongela ukuphila. okungajwayelekile ukungezwani nokudla zimi kanje;

- Imbewu ye-flaxseed

– Imbewu yeSesame

- Ipentshisi

- Ibhanana

- ukwatapheya

- Okusamathunduluka

- Ikiwi

- Isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi

- Ugaliki

– Imbewu yesinaphi

– Imbewu ye-anise

- Daisy

- Inyama yenkukhu

Ukungezwani nokudla kanye nokungezwani nokudla

Ochwepheshe, ukungezwani nokudla Abantu abaningi abacabanga ukuthi bayikho ngempela ukungabekezelelani kokudlaBathola ukuthi wayenayo. Ukungabekezelelani kokudla akubandakanyi amasosha omzimba e-IgE.

izimpawu zivela ngokushesha noma kamuva, ukungezwani nokudlaefana nezimpawu ze 

ukungezwani nokudla Nakuba zenzeka kuphela ekuphenduleni amaprotheni, ukungabekezelelani kokudla kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamaprotheni, amakhemikhali, ama-carbohydrate noma ama-enzyme ekudleni, noma ukungakwazi ukungena kahle kwamathumbu.

ukungezwani nokudlaNgisho nokudla okuncane kungabangela amasosha omzimba futhi kubangele ukungezwani komzimba. A ukungezwani nokudla Kungabangela ukuquleka, isiyezi, izinkinga zokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kwezitho ezihlukahlukene zomzimba njengomphimbo, ulimi nobuso. Umuntu angase azizwe eluma nasemlonyeni.

Itholakala Kanjani I-Allergies Yokudla?

Udokotela uzobuza isiguli mayelana nokusabela, njengezimpawu, ukuthi kwathatha isikhathi esingakanani ngaphambi kokuba lokhu kwenzeke, yikuphi ukudla okubangele lokho, ukuthi ukudla bekuphekiwe yini nokuthi kudliwe kuphi.

ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba

Iconsi eli-1 le-allergen lizofakwa ngaphakathi kwengalo bese kusetshenziswa i-lancet engenalutho (umshini wezokwelapha ocijile owenziwe ngensimbi) ukuze wenze ukunwaya esikhumbeni sakho. Uma kukhona noma yiluphi uhlobo lokusabela olufana nokuluma, ukuvuvukala noma ububomvu, cishe unohlobo oluthile lokungezwani komzimba.

Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kwesinye isikhathi kungaveza imiphumela engelona iqiniso noma ephozithivu. Odokotela ngokuvamile bangakwazi uku-oda okunye ukuhlola ukuze baqiniseke.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwenziwa ukuhlola amasosha omzimba e-IgE aqondene namaprotheni athile okudla.

ukuqeda ukudla

Ukudla okusolisayo ngokuvamile akudliwa amaviki angu-4-6 ukuze kubonakale ukuthi izimpawu ziyaphela yini. Kubuye kudliwe ukuze kubonakale ukuthi izimpawu ziyabuya yini. Izidlo zokuqeda kufanele igadwe udokotela noma i-dietitian. 

idayari yokudla

Iziguli zibhala phansi konke ezikudlayo futhi zichaze izimpawu ezenzekayo.

Ukuphathwa kwezifo okusolakala ukuthi azingezwani nazo ngaphansi kweso likadokotela

Amehlo esiguli avalekile bese kunikezwa ukudla okuningana okuhlukene. Omunye wabo unenani elincane le-allergen esolwayo. Isiguli sidla ngasinye futhi ukusabela kwabo kubhekwe eduze.

Isiguli esivale amehlo asazi ukuthi yikuphi ukudla okusolakala ukuthi akunakwaliwa; Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba abanye abantu basabela ngokwengqondo ekudleni okuthile (lokhu akuhlukaniswa njengokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile).

Ukuhlolwa okunjalo kufanele kwenziwe ngudokotela kuphela.

Ubani osengcupheni yokwaliwa ukudla?

umlando womndeni

Ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi okunye ukwaliwa ukudla kungase kubangelwe izakhi zofuzo abantu abazuza njengefa kubazali babo.

Isibonelo, labo abazali babo noma izingane zakubo ezinokungezwani komzimba namantongomane basengozini ephindwe ka-7 yokuba nalokhu kungezwani komzimba kunalabo abangenawo umlando womndeni.

Okunye ukungezwani komzimba 

isifuba somoya noma i-atopic dermatitisLabo abanayo basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-allergies yokudla kunabantu abangenayo enye i-allergies.

ubuntwana

Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izingane ezizalwa ngokuhlinzwa futhi zinikezwe ama-antibiotics lapho zizalwa noma ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila zisengozini enkulu yokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile.

amagciwane emathunjini

Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonisa ukuthi amagciwane amathumbu ayashintsha kubantu abadala abanamantongomane kanye nokungezwani komzimba nezinkathi ezithile zonyaka. Ngokukhethekile, banamazinga aphezulu e-bacteroidales namazinga aphansi ezinhlobo ze-Clostridiales.