Yintoni i-Type 2 Diabetes, Kutheni isenzeka? Iimpawu kunye neMicimbi yoMngcipheko

diabetesYimeko yonyango engapheliyo apho iswekile okanye amanqanaba eglucose enyuka egazini. Ihomoni ye-insulin inceda ukususa iswekile egazini iye kwiiseli apho isetyenziselwa amandla.

Kuhlobo lwesi-2 seswekile, iiseli zomzimba azikwazi ukuphendula kwi-insulin njengoko zifanele. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela lesi sifo, umzimba awunako ukuvelisa i-insulin eyaneleyo.

Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile olungalawulwayoIngakhokelela kumanqanaba aphezulu eswekile yegazi, okubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo kwaye kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu.

Zeziphi iimpawu zoHlobo lweSifo seswekile?

uhlobo 2 seswekileUmzimba awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-insulin ngokufanelekileyo ukuzisa iswekile kwiiseli. Oku kubangela ukuba umzimba uthembele kweminye imithombo yamandla kwizicubu, izihlunu kunye namalungu. Le yimpendulo yekhonkco enokubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo.

uhlobo 2 seswekile Isenokukhula kancinane. Iimpawu zinokuba lula kwaye kulula ukuziphosa ekuqaleni. Iimpawu zakwangoko ziquka:

- Ukulamba rhoqo

- Ubuthathaka

- Ukudinwa

- ukuhla ukusinda

– unxano olugqithisileyo

– Ukuchama rhoqo

-Umlomo owomileyo

– Ukurhawuzelelwa lusu

– ukubona mfiliba

Njengoko isifo siqhubela phambili, iimpawu ziba nzima kwaye zinokuba yingozi.

Ukuba amaqondo eswekile yegazi ebephezulu ixesha elide, iimpawu zinokuvela ngolu hlobo:

– Igwele usulelo

– Amanxeba okanye amanxeba aphola kancinci

– Amabala amnyama esikhumbeni, imeko eyaziwa ngokuba yi-acanthosis blackheads

- Iintlungu ezinyaweni

– Ubundisholo okanye i-neuropathy kwimida

Ukuba unezi mpawu zimbini okanye ngaphezulu, bonana nogqirha. Ukuba asinyangwa, isifo seswekile sinokubeka ubomi esichengeni.

Iimbangela ze-Type 2 Diabetes

I-insulin yihomoni eyenzeka ngokwemvelo. Iveliswa yi-pancreas. I-insulin inceda ukuthutha iswekile egazini isiya kwiiseli zomzimba, apho isetyenziselwa amandla.

uhlobo 2 seswekile Ukuba ikhona, umzimba awunyangeki kwi-insulin. Ayinakuphinda isebenzise ihomoni ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kunyanzela i-pancreas ukuba isebenze nzima ukwenza i-insulin eninzi.

Ngokuhamba kwexesha, oku kunokonakalisa iiseli kwi-pancreas. Ekugqibeleni, i-pancreas ayinakukwazi ukuvelisa nayiphi na i-insulin.

Ukuba i-insulin ayiveliswa ngokwaneleyo okanye umzimba ungayisebenzisi kakuhle, i-glucose iqokelelana egazini. Oku kushiya iiseli zomzimba zilambele amandla.

Oogqirha abazi kanye ukuba yintoni eyabangela olu ngcelele lweziganeko.

Inokuthi inxulumene nokungasebenzi kakuhle kweeseli okanye ukubonakaliswa kweeseli kunye nolawulo kwi-pancreas. Kwabanye abantu, isibindi sivelisa iswekile eninzi kakhulu. uhlobo 2 seswekile Kusenokubakho ukuthambekela kofuzo ukuyiphuhlisa.

Ukutyeba kakhulu kwimfuzo esele ikhona, ukumelana ne-insulin kwaye kwandisa umngcipheko wesifo seswekile. Kusenokubakho nokuxhokonxa kokusingqongileyo.

Imiba yoMngcipheko weSifo seswekile sodidi lwesi-2 

Kukho izinto ezinobungozi ezingaguqukiyo kunye nezinokuguqulwa kohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile.

Ngelixa awukwazi ukwenza okuninzi malunga nemingcipheko engaguqukiyo, zininzi izinto onokuthi uzilawule ukunceda ukuthintela esi sifo ekuphuhliseni.

Isicelo imingcipheko yesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2... 

Imbali yoSapho

Umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekileIphezulu ukuba omnye wabazali okanye umntakwenu unayo.

Ngokutsho kwe-American Diabetes Association, ingozi yemfuza yile:

-I-50 kwi-7 ukuba ilungu lentsapho lifunyaniswa ukuba linesifo sikashukela ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-1.

- 50 kwi-13 ukuba omnye wabazali babo wafunyaniswa ukuba unesifo sikashukela emva kweminyaka eyi-1.

– Yi-2 kwi-1 ukuba bobabini abazali banesifo seswekile.

Ubuhlanga okanye ubuhlanga

Abantu beentlanga ezithile kunye nezizwe, kunye nembali yosapho uhlobo 2 seswekile kunokwenzeka ukuba aphuhle. AmaLatinos, ama-Afrika aseMelika, amaMelika aseMelika kunye nama-Asiya asengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo seswekile.

yobudala 

njengokuba ukhula uhlobo 2 seswekile umngcipheko uyanda. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka kubantu abadala abaphakathi, njengasemva kweminyaka engama-45.

Oku kungenxa yokuba abantu badla ngokuzilolonga kancinci, badla ngokuphulukana nobunzima bezihlunu, kwaye batyekele ekutyebeni njengoko bekhula.

Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lweswekile luyanda ukwenzeka kubantwana, abafikisayo, kunye nabantu abadala abancinci, ngokuyintloko ngenxa yokhetho olungenampilo.

Iingcali zempilo zincoma ukujonga amanqanaba eswekile yegazi rhoqo kwiinyanga ezimbalwa, ukuqala kwiminyaka engama-40. Ukuxilongwa kwangoko, uhlobo lwe-2 lokuthintela isifo seswekile okanye ibalulekile kulawulo.

isifo seswekile ekukhulelweni

Ukuba isifo sikashukela, esibizwa ngokuba yi-gestational diabetes, sikhula ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ngoko uhlobo 2 seswekile Umngcipheko wophuhliso uyanda.

Uphononongo, olupapashwe kwi-Endocrine Society's Journal ye-Clinical Endocrinology kunye ne-Metabolism, yafumanisa ukuba abafazi bafumanisa ukuba banesifo seswekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa. ukuphuhlisa uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile ingxelo yokuba umngcipheko uphezulu.

Kwakhona, ukuzala umntwana obunzima obungaphezu kwe-9 kilos umngcipheko wohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile ukwanda.

Ukutyeba kakhulu

Ukutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba ukuphuhlisa uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile kwandisa amathuba.

Ubunzima obugqithisileyo bugxininisa iindawo zangaphakathi zeeseli ezizimeleyo, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-endoplasmic reticles (ER). Xa kukho izondlo ezininzi kunokuba i-ER inokusebenza, ibangela ukuba iiseli zithobe i-insulin receptors kwi-cell surface. Oku kukhokelela ekugxininiseni okuphezulu kweglucose egazini rhoqo.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuba umzimba ugcina amanqatha ngokuyintloko kwisisu uhlobo 2 seswekile ingozi, kunokuba umzimba ugcina amanqatha kwezinye iindawo, njengasesinqeni nasemathangeni. 

ukungasebenzi komzimba

ukungasebenzi komzimba uhlobo 2 seswekile Yeyona nto ibalulekileyo enokuguqulelwa kumngcipheko Okukhona ungasebenzi, uhlobo 2 seswekile ingozi iphezulu ifumana.

Ngaphezu koko, umsebenzi womzimba unceda ukunciphisa umzimba, usebenzisa i-glucose njengamandla kwaye wenza iiseli zichaphazeleke ngakumbi kwi-insulin.

Olunye uphando lufumene ukuba ukuyeka umsebenzi oqhelekileyo womzimba kuphazamisa ulawulo lwe-glycemic (ukulawulwa kwamanqanaba eswekile yegazi), okubangela ukungasebenzi. uhlobo 2 seswekile Uveze ukuba wayecinga ukuba angadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni kwakhe.

Injongo yemizuzu ye-150 ye-moderate-intensity-intensity aerobic exercise, imizuzu ye-75 ye-aerobic-intensity-intensity activity, okanye indibaniselwano yezi zibini kunye nokomelezwa kwemisipha ubuncinane iintsuku ezimbini ngeveki.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (Hypertension)

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwinkqubo ye-cardiovascular system, kwaye uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi olunganyangwayo lunokukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwesifo seswekile.

Ukongezelela, abasetyhini abanesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa kunokwenzeka ukuba babe noxinzelelo lwegazi. Kwaye isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kwiminyaka ezayo uhlobo 2 seswekile ezinxulumene nophuhliso.

Nangona kunjalo, abafazi abalawula amanqanaba eswekile yegazi ngexesha lokukhulelwa banokuba noxinzelelo lwegazi okanye uhlobo 2 seswekile akunakwenzeka ukuba baphumelele

noxinzelelo lwegazi uhlobo 2 seswekile kwandisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo.

Amanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol (Lipid).

i-low density lipoproteins (i-HDL okanye i-cholesterol 'elungileyo') kunye ne-triglycerides ephezulu, uhlobo 2 seswekile kwaye inokunyusa umngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo.

Kuphononongo luka-2016 olupapashwe kwi- JAMA Cardiology , abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba abantu abathatha i-statins ukunciphisa amanqanaba e-lipoprotein ephantsi (i-LDL, okanye i-cholesterol embi) babesengozini yohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile.

Nangona kunjalo, abantu abanamazinga aphantsi e-LDL ngokwemvelo babengenakufane bahlakulele isifo senhliziyo kodwa ukuchwetheza isifo seswekile esi-2 Babengakwazi ukuzikhusela ngakumbi kuyo.

prediabetes 

Uhlobo lweswekile oluthambileyo prediabetes, uhlobo 2 seswekile Kungumngcipheko ocacileyo wokuphuhlisa I-Prediabetes ichazwa njengamanqanaba eswekile egazi angaphezulu kwesiqhelo kodwa angaphantsi komda wesifo seswekile.

I-Prediabetes inokufunyaniswa ngokulula ngovavanyo olulula lwegazi. 

I-Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Ibangela ukuya exesheni ngokungaqhelekanga kwabasetyhini i-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS),ngomnye umngcipheko wokutyeba nesifo seswekile.

Ukongeza, ukutyeba imbali uhlobo 2 seswekile kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi, ezifana ne-hyperandrogenism, zinokuba negalelo ekunyuseni umngcipheko wesifo sikashukela kwabasetyhini abane-PCOS.

Lunyangwa Njani isifo seswekile soHlobo lwesi-2?

uhlobo 2 seswekile inokulawulwa ngempumelelo. Ugqirha uya kukuxelela ukuba kufuneka ulijonge kangaphi izinga leswekile yegazi lakho. Injongo kukuhlala phakathi koluhlu oluthile.

Ukulawula uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile Nika ingqalelo kula macebiso:

-Bandakanya ukutya okutyebileyo kwifiber kunye neecarbohydrates ezisempilweni kukutya kwakho. Ukutya iziqhamo, imifuno, kunye nokutya okuziinkozo kuya kunceda ukugcina izinga leswekile yegazi lizinzile.

– Yitya ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo.

-Lawula ubunzima bakho kwaye ugcine intliziyo yakho isempilweni. 

-Yenza malunga nesiqingatha seyure somsebenzi we-aerobic ngosuku ukunceda ukugcina intliziyo yakho isempilweni. Umthambo ukwanceda ukulawula iswekile esegazini.

Ugqirha wakho uya kukuchazela ukuba ungaziqaphela njani iimpawu zokuqala zeswekile yegazi ukuba iphezulu kakhulu okanye isezantsi kakhulu kwaye wenze ntoni kwimeko nganye. Ikwakunceda ukuba ufunde ukuba kukuphi ukutya okunempilo kwaye kukuphi okungenampilo.

Amayeza ohlobo lwesi-2 seswekile

Kwezinye iimeko, indlela yokuphila iyatshintsha uhlobo 2 seswekileKwanele ukuyigcina phantsi kolawulo. Kwiimeko apho akwanelanga, kukho amayeza ambalwa anokunceda. Amanye ala machiza ngala:

I-Metformin, enokunciphisa amanqanaba eswekile yegazi kunye nokuphucula indlela umzimba ophendula ngayo kwi-insulin - kunye nohlobo lwesi-2 seswekile Lunyango olukhethwa ngabantu abaninzi.

– Sulfonylureas, ngamayeza omlomo anceda umzimba wenze i-insulin eninzi

-I-Meglitinides, amayeza asebenza ngokukhawuleza, athatha ixesha elifutshane avuselela i-pancreas ukuba ikhuphe i-insulin eninzi.

-I-Thiazolidinediones, eyenza umzimba ube buthathaka ngakumbi kwi-insulin

I-Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, ngamayeza athambileyo anceda ukunciphisa amanqanaba eswekile yegazi.

I-Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, ethi icothise ukwetyisa kunye nokuphucula amanqanaba eswekile yegazi.

I-sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, enceda ukuthintela izintso ekubeni ziphinde zifake i-glucose egazini kwaye ziyikhuphele kumchamo.

Ngalinye lala mayeza linokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Kungathatha ixesha ukufumana awona mayeza angcono okanye indibaniselwano yamayeza okunyanga isifo seswekile.

Uhlobo lwe-2 yeSondlo seswekile

Ukutya sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokugcina intliziyo isempilweni kunye namanqanaba eswekile yegazi kuluhlu olukhuselekileyo nolusempilweni.

uhlobo 2 seswekile Ukutya okucetyiswayo kwizigulana kukutya okunokuthi phantse wonke umntu akulandele:

- Yitya izidlo kunye ne-snacks ngokweshedyuli.

– Khetha ukutya okwahlukeneyo okunezondlo eziphezulu kunye neekhalori eziphantsi.

– Lumka ungatyi kakhulu.

– Iileyibhile zokutya Funda ngocoselelo.

Yintoni ekungafuneki ityiwe kuHlobo lwesi-2 seswekile?

Kukho ukutya kunye neziselo omele uzinciphise okanye uziphephe ngokupheleleyo:

- Ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi okanye agqithisiweyo

-I-offal efana nenyama yenkomo okanye isibindi

– Inyama egayiweyo

– Intlanzi

-Imajarini

– Iimveliso zokubhaka ezifana nesonka esimhlophe kunye neebhegi

– I-snacks esenziwe

– Iziselo ezineswekile, kuquka neziselo zeziqhamo

– Iimveliso zobisi ezinamafutha aphezulu

– ipasta okanye irayisi emhlophe

Kukwacetyiswa ukuba ungatyi ukutya okunetyuwa kunye nokutya okuthosiweyo. 

Yintoni ekufuneka uyitye kuHlobo lwesi-2 seswekile?

Iicarbohydrate ezisempilweni zinokukhethwa:

- Iziqhamo

– Imifuno engenasitatshi

– Iimbotyi

– Iinkozo ezipheleleyo njengeoats okanye iquinoa

- Izambane eliswiti

Intliziyo-enempilo omega 3 fatty acids Ukutya okuquletheyo kubandakanya:

- Tuna

– iiSardini

- Islamoni

– ityhuna

– Cod

– Imbewu yeflekisi

Unokufumana amafutha e-monounsaturated kunye ne-polyunsaturated enempilo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zokutya, kuquka:

– Ioyile ezifana neoyile yomnquma, ioli yecanola kunye nepeanut oil

– Amandongomane anje ngeewalnuts, iihazelnuts kunye neealmonds

- iponyoponyo

Iingxaki eziNxulunyaniswe ne-Type 2 Diabetes

kubantu abaninzi uhlobo 2 seswekile inokulawulwa ngempumelelo. Ukuba ayilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, inokuchaphazela phantse naliphi na ilungu kwaye ikhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu, kuquka:

– Iingxaki zolusu ezifana nosulelo lwebhaktiriya okanye lomngundo

- Umonakalo we-nerve okanye i-neuropathy, enokubangela ukulahlekelwa kwemvakalelo okanye ukuphazamiseka kunye nokubetha kwiindawo ezinqamlekileyo, kunye neengxaki zokugaya ukutya ezifana nokuhlanza, isifo sohudo kunye nokuqunjelwa.

– ezinyaweni ukungahambi kakuhle kwegazi, okwenza kube nzima ukuba iinyawo zakho ziphole xa usikekile okanye usulelo kwaye kunokukhokelela ekuqhameni kunye nokulahleka konyawo okanye umlenze.

– Ukungeva kakuhle

-Umonakalo we-retinal okanye i-retinopathy kunye nomonakalo wamehlo onokubangela ukonakala kombono, i-glaucoma kunye ne-cataract.

-Izifo zentliziyo ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukucutheka kwemithambo, i-angina, ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nokubetha

Hypoglycemia

I-Hypoglycemia ingenzeka xa iswekile yegazi iphantsi. Iimpawu zinokubandakanya ukungcangcazela, ukuba nesiyezi, kunye nengxaki yokuthetha. 

i-hyperglycemia

i-hyperglycemiaInokwenzeka xa iswekile yegazi iphezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubonakala ngokuchama rhoqo kunye nokunyuka konxano. 

Iingxaki ngexesha nasemva kokukhulelwa

Ukuba unesifo sikashukela ngelixa ukhulelwe, kuyimfuneko ukubeka iliso ngenyameko imeko. Isifo seswekile esingalawulwa kakuhle sinokubangela:

– Yenza ukukhulelwa kunye nokuzalwa nzima

– Ukonakalisa amalungu asakhulayo omntwana

-Ibangela ukuba umntwana wakho atyebe kakhulu

Kwakhona kunokwandisa ingozi yomntwana yokuba nesifo seswekile kubo bonke ubomi bakhe.

Iingcebiso zokuthintela isifo seswekile seSibini

- Yitya okunempilo ngokukhetha ukutya okunamafutha aphantsi kunye neekhalori kunye nefiber ephezulu.

– Yitya ngakumbi iziqhamo, imifuno kunye neenkozo.

– Faka endaweni yeemveliso zobisi ezityebileyo ngobisi olunamafutha aphantsi.

-Khetha amafutha anempilo angaxutywanga, ukunciphisa amafutha kwaye uthintele i-trans.

– Xa usitya, zama ukutya iinxalenye ezincinci kunye nezidlo ezi-4 okanye ezi-5 ezincinci ngosuku.

-Jonga ubuncinci bemizuzu engama-30 yokwenza umthambo ophakathi ngosuku.

– Ukuba utyebile, thatha amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukuze unciphise umzimba.

– Yitya iziqhamo ezitsha endaweni yokusela ijusi yeziqhamo.

– Yeka ukutshaya kwaye uhlale kude notywala.

– Nikela ingqalelo kwinqanaba loxinzelelo lwegazi kwaye wenze oko kuyimfuneko ukuyigcina phantsi kolawulo.

– Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo.

– Qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho ukuze ahlolwe rhoqo. Kucetyiswa ngamandla ukujonga iswekile yegazi, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nenqanaba le-cholesterol yegazi rhoqo.