Ufuna amaqanda ngokukhawuleza. Uvula umnyango wefriji ukuze ufumane amaqanda, kodwa awukhumbuli ukuba amaqanda anexesha elingakanani elapho. Awufuni ukuyilahla, kwaye awufuni nokutya amaqanda abolileyo. Emva koko kufuneka ufumanise ukuba iqanda libi? Indlela yokubona iqanda elibi?
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, umgangatho weqanda uqala ukuhla njengoko indawo emhlophe iyancipha kwaye idala. Xa iqanda liqala ukubola ngenxa yebhaktheriya okanye ukungunda, lonakaliswa. Mhlawumbi amaqanda akho omelele yaye uya kukwazi ukuwatya ixesha elide. Ungasebenzisa enye yezi ndlela zi-5 zikhankanywe ngezantsi ukufumanisa ukuba iqanda libi.
Indlela yokuchonga iqanda elibi?
- Umhla wokuphelelwa
iqandaEnye yeendlela ezilula zokuxelela ukuba isekhona kukujonga umhla kwikhadibhodi. Nangona kunjalo, xa kufika lo mhla, ukuba uyawalahla amaqanda abekwindawo ebandayo, uya kuba uchitha amaqanda. Kuba nangona umgangatho weqanda uqalisa ukuhla emva komhla othile, ngakumbi ukuba lishiywe kwindawo ebandayo, linokutyiwa kangangeeveki ezimbalwa njengoko ukukhula kwebhaktiriya kuthintelwa.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba amaqanda adlulile umhla oshicilelwe kwibhokisi, kuya kufuneka usebenzise enye indlela yokubona ukuba kulungile okanye kubi. Qhubeka ufunda ezi ndlela zingezantsi.
- uvavanyo lokuphunga
Uvavanyo lokusezela yeyona ndlela ilula nekhuselekileyo yokuxelela ukuba iqanda libi. Ukuba uqaphela ukuba iqanda lidlulile kumhla wokuphelelwa kwalo, unokwazi ukuba lonakele ngovavanyo lokusezela.
Iqanda elonakeleyo liya kukhupha ivumba elibi kungakhathaliseki ukuba likrwada okanye liphekiwe. Ekubeni ungalifumani ivumba xa iqanda likwiqokobhe lalo, liqhekeze libe yipleyiti okanye isitya esicocekileyo uze ulinukise. Ukuba inuka kakubi, lilahle iqanda kwaye uhlambe isitya okanye ipleyiti ngamanzi ashushu anesepha phambi kokuba uphinde uyisebenzise. Ukuba inuka iqanda, oko kuthetha ukuba akukho vumba, ngoko ke iqanda alingonakaliswa.
- Ukukhangela okubonakalayo
Jonga iqokobhe leqanda eliqotyiweyo ukuba liqhekeke, limdaka, okanye libe nothuli. Ukubonakala kwe-powdery kwi-bark luphawu lokubumba, ngelixa ukuqhekeka kubonisa ubukho beebhaktheriya.
Ukuba iqokobhe libonakala lomile kwaye lingonakalanga, qhekeza iqanda kwisitya esimhlophe esicocekileyo phambi kokuba ulisebenzise. Jonga nayiphi na imbala epinki, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza, okanye emnyama ye-yolk okanye emhlophe njengoko oku kuya kubonisa ukukhula kwebhaktiriya. Ukuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu zokutshintsha kombala, lilahle iqanda.
uvavanyo lokuqubha
Uvavanyo lokuqubha yeyona ndlela yaziwa kakhulu yokubona ukuba iqanda linesiphene. Ukwenza olu vavanyo, faka iqanda kwisitya samanzi. Ukuba iqanda liyatshona, litsha. Ukuba iyadada okanye iyadada, igugile.
Le ndlela ichaza ukuba iqanda lidala okanye litsha, kodwa ayibonisi ukuba iqanda lonakele. Iqanda linokuba libi ukuba liyatshona, ngoxa iqanda elidadayo lisenokutyiwa.
- Bamba iqanda ekukhanyeni
Unokwenza olu vavanyo kwigumbi elimnyama usebenzisa isibane esincinci. Jonga umthombo wokukhanya kwisiphelo esibanzi seqanda. Emva koko, tyekisa iqanda kwaye ulijike ngokukhawuleza ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene.
Ukuba yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, ingaphakathi leqanda liya kukhanya. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ubone ukuba iseli yeqanda incinci okanye inkulu. Kwiqanda elitsha, iseli yomoya incinci kune-3.175 mm. Njengoko iqanda lisiba lidala, iigesi zithatha indawo yamanzi alahlekileyo ngenxa yokuba ngumphunga kwaye ipokotho yomoya iya iba nkulu.
Unokwazi ngokuthembekileyo ukutsha kweqanda kunye nendlela yokuvezwa. Noko ke, njengovavanyo lokuqubha, alikwazi ukugqiba enoba iqanda linesiphene kusini na.
Iingozi Zokutya Amaqanda Onakeleyo
Kukho iingozi zokutya amaqanda owonakele:
- Usulelo lwe-Bacillus cereus
Usulelo lwe-Bacillus cereus sesinye sezifo zokutya ezibangelwa yibhaktheriya yohlobo lwe-Bacillus. Usulelo lusasazeka lula ukusuka kwindawo yendalo efana nomhlaba kunye namanzi olwandle ukuya kwiqanda. Iimpawu zosulelo lwe-B.cereus ziquka:
- Urhudo, ngokuqhelekileyo malunga neeyure ezi-8-16 emva kokungeniswa kweqanda elibolileyo.
- Isicaphucaphu
- Ukuhlanza
- Intlungu zesisu
- Usulelo lweSalmonella
Usulelo lwe-Salmonella alusasazwanga kuphela ngokusetyenziswa kokutya okungcolileyo, kodwa nangexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa. Isasazeka ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo yokuzala yenkukhu okanye ngokungathanga ngqo ngamaqokobhe amaqanda ngexesha lokulungiswa kokutya. Iimpawu zosulelo lweSalmonella ziquka:
- umlilo
- Ukuhlanza
- Isicaphucaphu
- Urhudo
- iintlungu zesisu
Usulelo lwe-Salmonella lubangela imiphumo emibi engakhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, abanezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, iimeko ze-immunodeficiency ezifana ne-HIV, okanye abakhulelweyo.
- Uluhlu lweListeriosis
I-Listeriosis lusulelo oluyingozi lokutya olubangelwa yi-Listeria monocytogenes. NjengeSalmonella, le bhaktiriya iphinda ibe yingozi kwimpilo yabantu.
Ukusetyenziswa kokutya okufana namaqanda onakele, amaqanda angaphekwanga okanye amaqanda akrwada kubangela ukusasazeka kwe-L. monocytogenes usulelo. Usulelo lwaziwa ngokuwela umqobo wegazi-ingqondo, umqobo we-fetal-fetal, kunye nomqobo wamathumbu. Ibangela iimpawu ezifana nezi:
- ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo
- intamo elukhuni
- umkhuhlane kunye neengqele
- intlungu yemisipha
- ilahleko yokulinganisela
- Isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha
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