Chii chinonzi Umami, Chinonaka Sei, Chikafu Chipi Chingawanikwa Machiri?

umamiKuravira kwakadai sekutapira, kuvava, munyu uye kuvava kunonzwikwa nerurimi rwedu. Pave nemakore anopfuura zana kubva zvakawanikwa, asi kuravira kweshanu Rinotsanangurwa segore ra1985.

Muchokwadi, haina kunaka kwayo. umami, chiJapan uye zvinoreva kuravira kunofadza mumutauro uyu. Rinoshandiswa nezita iri mundimi dzese. 

Chii chinonzi Umami?

Sainzi umami; Iko kusanganiswa kwe glutamate, inosinate kana guanylate flavour. Glutamate - kana glutamic acid - is amino acid inowanzowanikwa mumapuroteni ezvirimwa nemhuka. Inosinate inonyanya kuwanikwa munyama, nepo guanylate yakawanda muzvirimwa.

umami aromaMvura inowanzowanikwa muzvikafu zvine mapuroteni akawanda, uye muviri unovanza mate uye muto wekugaya kuti ugaye mapuroteni aya.

Kunze kwekugaya, umami-rich foodsine zvingangobatsira pautano. Semuenzaniso, zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti izvi zvekudya zvinowedzera kuzadza.

Naizvozvo, umami-rich foodsKurishandisa kunobatsira mukurasikirwa nekurema nekuderedza kudya.

Nhoroondo yeUmami Taste

Umami aromaYakawanikwa muna 1908 neJapan chemist Kikunae Ikeda. Ikeda akadzidza dashi rechiJapan (chinhu chinoshandiswa mundiro zhinji dzechiJapan) pachikamu chemolecular ndokuona zvinhu zvinoipa kunaka kwayo.

Akafunga kuti mamorekuru ekunavira mugungwa (chinhu chikuru chemukati) aive glutamic acid. Kubva pashoko rechiJapan rokuti "umai" rinoreva "zvinonaka"umami” akaritumidza.

umamiYakanga isingazivikanwe pasi rose kusvika kuma1980, mushure mekunge vatsvakurudzi vaona kuti umami ndiyo yekutanga kuravira, zvichireva kuti haigone kugadzirwa nekubatanidza zvimwe zvinonaka (zvinovava, zvinotapira, kuvava, munyu). Uyewo mutauro wako umami Yakawanikwa iine vatengi vakasarudzika, vachiiwana zviri pamutemo zita re "fifth flavour".

Umami Inoravira Sei?

umami, zvakafanana nekunaka kunonaka kunowanzobatanidzwa nebroths uye sosi. Vazhinji umamiAnofunga kuti ine utsi, ivhu, kana nyama.

Kunyangwe vanhu vazhinji vachiti kuravira kwakaoma kutsanangura, izwi iri rinowanzo kubatanidzwa nezvinonyaradza uye zvinopinda muropa zvekudya zvakaita sechizi kana chikafu cheChinese. 

zvimwe zvokudya natural umami flavourkunyange zvake anazvo, Inogona kukonzereswa panguva yekubika kuburikidza neMallard reaction. Kuita uku kunosvibisa chikafu sezvo mashuga nemapuroteni ari mumaamino acids zvinodzikiswa, zvichipa hutsi, caramelized flavour.

umami inogadzirawo kunzwa pamuromo nekunaka kwayo. Kana glutamates ichipfekedza rurimi, inoita kuti ndiro inzwe kukora, izvo zvinotungamira kune kunzwa kwekuzara uye kuguta kwese.

Muromo wakasviba uyu unosiya kuravira kwakarembera kunopa ndangariro inonzwa iyo inogona gare gare kunyandurwa nekuona kana kuti kunhuwa, zvichikonzera havi yenguva dzose yezvokudya zveumami-kuravira. Nokuti zvokudya zvine umamianowanzo kunyorwa pane appetizer menyu kuti uwedzere kutengesa nekukurumidza.

Horaiti "umami ine chii?“Heano mamwe mabhenefiti anoshamisa ehutano umami foods... 

Chii chiri muUmami Flavour?

algae

Masora egungwa ane macalorie mashoma asi akazara nekudya uye antioxidants. Iyo yakanaka zvakare nekuda kweiyo yakakwira glutamate yemukati. umami aromandiko kunobva. Ndicho chikonzero gungwa regungwa rinowedzera kunaka kune sauces yeJapan cuisine. 

Soy-Based Foods

Zvokudya zvesoya zvinogadzirwa nesoya bhinzi, chikafu cheAsia cuisine. Soybeans Kunyange zvazvo inogona kudyiwa yakakwana, inowanzoviriswa kana kugadziriswa mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvigadzirwa zvakadai se tofu, tempeh, miso, uye soy muto.

Kugadziriswa uye kuviriswa kwesoya beans kunokwidza huwandu hwe glutamate. Mapuroteni akaputsika kuita emahara amino acids, kunyanya glutamic acid. 

Old Cheeses

Machesi akwegura anowedzerawo mu glutamate. Sezvo cheeses zera, mapuroteni avo akaputsika kuita emahara amino acids kuburikidza nemaitiro anonzi proteolysis. Izvi zvinosimudza mahara glutamic acid mazinga.

Machizi anogara kwenguva refu (semuenzaniso, pakati pemwedzi makumi maviri nemana nemakumi matatu) anowanzogara kwenguva refu, senge Italian parmesan. kuravira umami ane. Ndicho chikonzero kunyange chidimbu chiduku chinoshandura zvakanyanya kunaka kwedhishi.

Kimchi

Kimchichikafu chechinyakare cheKorea chinogadzirwa nemuriwo nezvinonhuwira. Iyi miriwo inoputsa miriwo nekugadzira ma enzymes ekugaya akadai seproteases, lipases uye amylases. Bacillus yakaviriswa nemabhakitiriya.

Mapuroteni anopwanya mapuroteni mamorekuru mukimchi kuita emahara amino acids neproteolysis. Izvi zvinosimudza glutamic acid level ye kimchi.

Ndiani chete umami Haisi chete yakakwira mumakomponi, zvakare ine hutano hunoshamisa, ichizvitutumadza hutano hunobatsira sekugaya uye kuderera kwecholesterol muropa. 

Green tea

Green tea Chinwiwa chine mukurumbira uye chine hutano zvinoshamisa. Kunwa iyi tii kunopa zvikomborero zvakawanda, kusanganisira kuderedzwa kwengozi yerudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga, kuderedza "yakaipa" LDL cholesterol mazinga, uye hutano hwehutano hwehutano. Pamusoro pezvo, green tea yakakwira mu glutamate, ichiita kuti ive yakasarudzika inotapira, inovava uye umami Rine kuravira.

Ichi chinwiwa chakakwirawo mu theanine, amino acid ine chimiro chakafanana ne glutamate. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti theanine zvakare yakakwirira umami zvichiratidza basa mumakomboni mazinga. 

zvigadzirwa zvegungwa

Mhando dzakawanda dzehove dzegungwa umami yakakwirira mumakomboni. Zvokudya zvegungwa zvinogona kunge zvine zvese zviri zviviri glutamate uye inosinate. Inosinate chimwe chinhu chinowanzoshandiswa sechikafu chekuwedzera. umami musanganiswa. 

nyama

nyama, kuravira kweshanu Ndiro rimwe boka rekudya rinowanzo wedzera mukudya. Kufanana nehove yegungwa, ivo pachavo vane glutamate uye inosinate.

Nyama dzakaomeswa, dzachembera kana dzakagadzirwa dzine yakawanda glutamic acid pane nyama nyowani nekuti maitiro aya anopwanya mapuroteni akazara uye anoburitsa yemahara glutamic acid. 

Chicken zai yolk - kupa glutamate, kunyange kwete nyama umami taste ndiko kunobva. 

madomasi

madomasi yakanakisa chirimwa chakavakirwa umami flavour imwe yemabviro. Muchokwadi, kunakirwa kwematomatisi kunokonzerwa nekukwira kwayo kweglutamic acid.

Glutamic acid mazinga mumadomasi anoramba achikwira sezvaanokura. Sezvo kuomeswa kwematomatisi kunoderedza unyoro uye kunoisa glutamate umami Inowedzerawo kunaka.

howa

howa, imwe huru chirimwa-yakavakirwa umami taste ndiko kunobva. Kungofanana nemadomasi, kuomesa howa kunowedzera glutamate yavo.

Howa zvakare yakazara nekudya, zvinosanganisira B mavhitaminzi, ane zvingangobatsira zvehutano zvakaita sekuwedzera kusadzivirirwa uye cholesterol mazinga.

Zvimwe Zvokudya Zvine Umami

Kunze kwezvinhu zvekudya zviri pamusoro, zvimwe zvekudya zvakare umami Inonaka pamusoro.

Zvimwe zvakakwirira pa100 gramu umami foods Glutamate yemukati ye:

Oyster muto: 900 mg

Chibage: 70-110 mg

Green peas: 110 mg

Garlic: 100mg

Lotus mudzi: 100mg

Mbatata: 30-100 mg

Pakati pezvikafu izvi, oyster sosi ine yakanyanya glutamate yemukati. Nekuti muto weoyster unogadzirwa neyakakora glutamate yemukati yakabikwa oyster kana oyster inobvisa. umami mupfumi maererano

Maitiro ekuwedzera Umami kune Kudya

Shandisa umami-rich ingredients

Zvimwe zvokudya zvoga umami inosanganisira. Madomasi akaibva, howa hwakaomeswa, kombu (seaweed), anchovies, parmesan cheese, nezvimwewo. - zvese izvi umamiInounza kuravira kweTurkey kumabikirwo.

Shandisa zvokudya zvakaviriswa

zvokudya zvakaviriswa yakakwirira umami ane zviri mukati. Edza kushandisa zvinhu zvakaita se soy muto mukudya kwako. 

Shandisa nyama yakabikwa

Mhuka dzakasakara kana dzakapora umami ine zvakawanda zvinonaka. Bacon, sausage yekare uye salami, chero recipe umami Ichaunza flavour.

Shandisa chizi chekare

Parmesan haingoshandisi pasta chete, asiwo pakudya. umami flavour chitima.

Shandisa umami-rich zvinonhuwira

Zvakadai seketchup, tomato paste, hove muto, soy muto, oyster muto, nezvimwe. umami-rich zvinonhuwiraKuishandisa kunowedzera kunaka uku kune ndiro. Usatya kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva, edza zvinhu zvakasiyana.

Semagumo;

umami Icho chimwe chezvishanu zvinonaka zvinonaka. Kunhuhwirira kwayo kunobva pakuvapo kweamino acid glutamate - kana glutamic acid - kana inosinate kana guanylate makomisheni anowanzo kuwanikwa mune yakakwira-protein chikafu. Haisi kungowedzera kunaka kwezvokudya, asiwo kunoderedza kudya.

umami Zvimwe zvikafu zvine musanganiswa wakawanda ndezvemugungwa, nyama, chizi dzachembera, sora, soya, howa, matomatisi, kimchi, green tea, nezvimwewo.

Iwe unogona kuedza izvi zvikafu zvekuda kwakasiyana.