Koj puas tuaj yeem noj Moldy Bread? Ntau hom pwm thiab lawv cov teebmeem

Pwm ntawm qhob cij Koj ua li cas thaum koj pom nws? Koj puas muab pov rau hauv lub thoob khib nyiab, lossis koj puas ntxuav cov pwm thiab noj cov seem?

Qhov no yog qhov teeb meem uas ntau tus neeg ntsib. Kuv paub tseeb tias koj xav paub qhov twg yog qhov tseeb.

nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm "dab tsi yog pwm", "hom pwm hauv qhob cij" ve "Puas yog tsim kev puas tsuaj rau noj cov qhob cij pwm?" cov ntsiab lus yuav raug piav qhia.

Dab tsi yog pwm hauv cov khoom noj?

pwm nws yog microscopic fungus, noj nws tuaj yeem ua rau peb noj qab haus huv. Zoo li nws cov kwv tij txheeb ze, muaj ntau txhiab hom sib txawv.

Qee qhov muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev noj, tab sis ntau tus tsim cov tshuaj lom mycotoxins uas ua rau muaj mob thiab tuag taus. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee tus neeg tsis haum rau pwm thiab yuav tsum nyob deb ntawm nws. Tias yog vim li cas kev cuam tshuam nrog pwm hauv cov zaub mov yog kev lag luam loj.

Vim li cas pwm loj hlob ntawm cov khoom noj?

kev loj hlob ntawm pwm Nws xav tau peb yam: organic teeb meem, dej, thiab oxygen. Khoom noj khoom haus muab thawj ob yam. Pwm uas raug huab cua muaj txhua yam nws xav tau kom loj hlob.

Cov pwm ua li cas hauv cov zaub mov?

Me me spores yog cua. Thaum cov spores tsaws rau ntawm cov zaub mov, lawv pib cag thiab loj hlob mus txog thaum lawv tsim thaj ua rau cov pwm uas pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab. Thaum lawv loj tuaj, lawv tsim cov spores tshiab thiab tso rau hauv ib puag ncig, thiab lub voj voog txuas ntxiv mus.

Nws siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas rau pwm kom loj hlob hauv cov khoom noj?

Ntau yam cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm pwm: hom pwm tshwj xeeb, cov khoom noj uas nws loj tuaj, thiab qhov kub thiab av noo. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub caij ntuj sov kub thiab av noo, qhov kub thiab txias ntau dua thiab ntau hom pwm tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau ob peb hnub, xws li pwm loj hlob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm lub txee. Nws tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ob peb lub lis piam rau cov pwm ntxiv los tsim cov khoom noj nrog dej tsawg dua hauv qhov txias ntawm lub tub yees.

Lub khob cij pwm yog dab tsi?

Pwm yog ib tug fungus uas los ntawm tib tsev neeg li fungus. Fungi muaj sia nyob los ntawm kev rhuav tshem thiab nqus cov khoom noj los ntawm cov khoom uas lawv loj tuaj, xws li khob cij.

Cov huab ntawm cov pwm koj pom ntawm lub khob cij yog cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob - qhov no yog qhov ua rau cov kab mob sib kis. Spores tuaj yeem ncig hauv huab cua hauv pob thiab mus txog lwm qhov ntawm lub khob cij.

Cov xim ntawm pwm txawv nyob ntawm seb hom fungus - nws tuaj yeem yog dawb, daj, ntsuab, grey lossis dub.

Hom pwm loj hlob ntawm qhob cij Aspergillus, Penicillium, Chaw Txom Nyem, mucor ve rhizopus pom. Ntxiv mus, txhua yam ntawm cov nceb no muaj ntau hom sib txawv.

Yuav ua li cas yog tias peb noj cov ncuav mouldy?

Qee cov pwm muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev noj, xws li hom siv txhob txwm ua rau xiav cheese. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kab mob uas tsim rau ntawm lub khob cij tuaj yeem ua rau koj noj qab haus huv.

Nws yuav luag tsis paub tias pwm zoo li cas hauv lub khob cij, yog li nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los xav tias nws muaj kev phom sij thiab tsis noj nws.

Tsis tas li ntawd, txij li thaum koj tuaj yeem nqus tau cov spores ntawm fungi qhob cij pwm zam tsis hnov ​​tsw. Yog tias koj ua xua rau pwm, nqus tau nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem ua pa, nrog rau mob hawb pob. 

Tsis txhob sim txuag moldy qhob cij

Lub Tebchaws Asmeskas Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb (USDA) pom zoo kom muab cov khob cij pov tseg yog tias pwm tau tsim ntawm lub khob cij.

Txawm hais tias koj tsuas tuaj yeem pom ob peb qhov ntawm cov kab mob, nws cov hauv paus hniav microscopic tuaj yeem kis tau sai sai rau hauv cov qhob cij ntxeem tau. Yog li tsis txhob sim khawb tawm cov pwm los yog txuag cov qhob cij seem.

Qee cov pwm tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj lom thiab tsis pom kev hu ua mycotoxins. Cov no tuaj yeem kis tau rau ntawm qhov tsis pom sab hauv ntawm breads, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum pwm loj hlob siab.

Kev noj ntau ntawm mycotoxins tuaj yeem ua rau plab zom mov lossis lwm yam kab mob. Cov co toxins no kuj ua mob rau tsiaj, yog li tsis txhob muab cov qhob cij pwm rau koj cov tsiaj.

Tsis tas li ntawd, mycotoxins tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov hnyuv los ntawm kev hloov cov qauv ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov hnyuv.

Tsis tas li ntawd, qee qhov Aspergillus Ntev ntev raug rau qee cov mycotoxins, suav nrog aflatoxins tsim los ntawm hom, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav. 

Yuav tiv thaiv qhob cij molding li cas?

Cov khob cij khaws cia ntawm chav tsev kub yam tsis muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob feem ntau muaj lub neej txee ntawm peb mus rau plaub hnub.

Qee txoj hauv kev, xws li tshuaj tua kab mob thiab lwm yam khoom xyaw thiab kev ua thiab khaws cia cov khob cij, tuaj yeem tiv thaiv pwm kev loj hlob. 

Pwm Tiv Thaiv Cov Khoom Siv

Cov qhob cij uas tsim tawm feem ntau muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob, suav nrog calcium propionate thiab sorbic acid, uas inhibit pwm kev loj hlob.

Lwm txoj hauv kev yog siv cov kab mob lactic acid, uas tsim cov kua qaub uas ua rau cov pwm loj hlob tuaj. Tam sim no, lawv feem ntau siv hauv cov qhob cij sourdough.

Vinegar, cinnamon ve cloves Qee cov txuj lom, xws li Txawm li cas los xij, lawv hloov qhov tsw thiab aroma ntawm qhob cij, yog li lawv siv rau lub hom phiaj no txwv. 

Yuav khaws cov ncuav li cas?

Cov pwm spores feem ntau tsis muaj txoj sia nyob hauv cov txheej txheem ci, tab sis cov khob cij tuaj yeem khaws cov spores los ntawm huab cua tom qab ci - piv txwv li, thaum txiav thiab ntim.

Cov spores tuaj yeem pib loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo, xws li chav ua noj sov thiab ntub. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub khob cij los ntawm kev ua pwm koj tuaj yeem: 

Lub taub hau

Yog tias koj pom cov dej noo nyob rau hauv lub khob cij, siv daim ntawv phuam los yog ntaub huv kom qhuav nws ua ntej ntim. Moisture txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm pwm. 

npog nws

Khaws lub khob cij npog los tiv thaiv nws ntawm huab cua spores. 

khov

Lub tub yees slows pwm kev loj hlob. Cov qhob cij khov khov tsis loj hlob yam tsis hloov qhov kev ntxhib los mos. 

Gluten-dawb qhob cij yog qhov cuam tshuam rau pwm vim tias nws feem ntau muaj cov dej noo ntau dua thiab siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsawg. 

Ntau hom khoom noj pwm

pwm dub ntawm zaub mov

Ntau hom pwm tuaj yeem muaj xim dub. Dub tshuaj lom pwm kom paub, saib xyuas cov tswv tsev Stachybotrys daim duab feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv lub qab nthab.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem hu ua dub khob cij pwm. Rhizopus stolonifera Kuj tseem muaj ntau yam tsis muaj tshuaj lom cov pwm dub, suav nrog 

Koj tuaj yeem pom cov pwm dub ntawm cov roj hmab ntsaws ntawm koj lub tub yees lossis ntawm cov khoom noj. Txawm hais tias qhov no tsis ua pov thawj tias koj muaj cov pwm dub hauv koj lub tsev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum xav tias nws tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj thiab pov tseg cov khoom noj hauv nqe lus nug, ua tib zoo ntxuav lub tub yees, thiab nrhiav cov cim ntawm pwm dub hauv koj lub tsev.

liab pwm ntawm zaub mov

Pink pwm loj hlob ntawm cov zaub mov yuav tsis yog pwm, tab sis kab mob loj hlob. tshuaj txiag ntshav ve Chaw Txom Nyem yog ob hom nceb uas tseem loj hlob nrog cov xim pinkish.

Paj yeeb pwm feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv qhob cij, khoom noj siv mis thiab nqaij. Qhov phom sij ntawm cov pwm liab muaj xws li kab mob ntawm lub ntsws, plab hnyuv, lossis cov kab mob urinary.

pwm dawb ntawm zaub mov

pwm dawbMuaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam khoom noj, los ntawm txhob txwm loj hlob dawb pwm sab nraum tej cheeses mus rau fluffy dawb pwm ntawm strawberries thiab lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Ntau hom pwm tuaj yeem tshwm sim dawb, thiab ua rau muaj teeb meem nyuaj, ntau hom xim ntawm pwm tuaj yeem dhau mus rau theem uas lawv tshwm dawb ua ntej tsim cov spores uas muab lawv cov xim. 

Yog tias pwm dawb tsis yog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim cov khoom noj (piv txwv li, brie thiab camembert cheese), xav tias nws yog tshuaj lom thiab tswj cov khoom noj uas cuam tshuam.

ntsuab pwm ntawm zaub mov

ntsuab pwm Nws feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv citrus txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab qhob cij. cladosporiumyog ib hom pwm ntsuab tshwj xeeb.

Nws tuaj yeem muaj ntxhiab tsw zoo thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua rau cov neeg muaj pwm ua xua. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem ua pa xws li hawb pob thiab hnoos, nrog rau ntuav. clodosporium pwm kuj tuaj yeem tsim mycotoxins, yog li tsis txhob raug.

txiv kab ntxwv pwm ntawm zaub mov

Fuligo septica ve aleuria aurantia suav nrog ntau yam pwm nws yuav tig txiv kab ntxwv. Cov txiv kab ntxwv pwm no feem ntau muaj ib qho kev ntxhib los mos.

Thaum lawv tsis tshua muaj kev phom sij dua li lwm cov xim pwm, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem ua pa, thiab cov kab mob zoo li yuav pom qhov twg cov pwm tuaj yeem tshwm sim.

Tsis tas li ntawd, txiv kab ntxwv pwm tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws loj hlob ntawm ntoo. Yog li ntawd, txiv kab ntxwv pwm yog ib qho kev hem thawj tsis yog rau koj cov zaub mov xwb, tab sis kuj rau ntoo hauv koj lub tsev.

liab pwm ntawm zaub mov

Txawm hais tias muaj ntau hom pwm tuaj yeem ua xim liab, pwm liab ntawm cov khoom noj yog feem ntau. yog Neurospora. Thaum cov pwm no feem ntau tsis tshua muaj kev phom sij dua li lwm hom pwm, qee cov pwm tsim mycotoxin tuaj yeem tshwm liab los yog pom nrog cov pwm liab hauv qee yam mob. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo los kho cov pwm liab hauv cov khoom noj nrog kev saib xyuas zoo ib yam li lwm cov pwm.

xiav pwm ntawm zaub mov

Blue pwm ntawm qhob cij thiab xiav pwm txhob txwm tshaj tawm los ua xiav cheese, Penicillium yog hom ntawm genus. Qee hom (tab sis tsis yog tag nrho!) Penicillium hom tsim penicillin. Ntau Penicillium hom tsis muaj mob, tab sis qee qhov tsis yog.

Thaum cov pwm xiav tsis muaj oxygen hauv xiav cheese muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev noj, tib hom pwm tuaj yeem tsim mycotoxins thaum loj hlob rau sab nrauv raug huab cua. Yog li, noj cov cheese xiav ntawd tab sis kho nws ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lwm cov pwm xiav.

Puas yog nws txaus ntshai ua pa pwm spores hauv zaub mov?

Kev nqus cov pwm uas tshwm rau ntawm cov zaub mov yog qhov txaus ntshai thiab yuav tsum zam. Tej zaum yuav ua rau muaj kev fab tshuaj lossis teeb meem ua pa.

Thaum pwm tsis pom, hnov ​​​​nws tuaj yeem yog txoj hauv kev zoo los kuaj pom nws - piv txwv li, tsis hnov ​​​​tsw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tais diav. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum koj pom cov pwm, tsis txhob nqus nws.

Cov pwm tuaj yeem ua rau koj mob?

Pwm nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov tuaj yeem tsim teeb meem rau ntau txoj hauv kev. Qee tus neeg tsis haum rau pwm thiab tuaj yeem muaj qhov tshwm sim loj heev.

Tab sis txawm tias koj tsis ua xua, pwm tuaj yeem ua rau khaus rau koj lub ntsws, plab hnyuv, lossis cov kab mob urinary. Mycotoxins uas tsim los ntawm qee cov pwm yog cov tshuaj lom carcinogens uas tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.

Yuav ua li cas thaum koj noj pwm ntawm cov khoom noj?

Kev ua xua rau pwm muaj xws li txham, hnoos los yog mob qhov ntswg, hnoos, tom qab qhov ntswg drip, khaus qhov muag, qhov ntswg, caj pas, thiab qhuav, scaly ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Cov neeg mob hawb pob tuaj yeem hnoos, hawb pob, ua pa luv thiab hauv siab nruj.

Cov tsis muaj kev fab tshuaj kuj tseem muaj teeb meem ua pa xws li hawb pob, txham, hauv siab nruj thiab ua pa nyuaj. Hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav dua, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob ua pa lossis txawm tias mob ntsws (hypersensitivity pneumonia).

Cov zaub mov twg tuaj pwm sai tshaj?

Cov xwm txheej khaws cia muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj npaum li cas sai npaum li cov zaub mov hloov pwm. Txhua yam sib npaug, txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom noj uas muaj cov dej noo siab yuav mus pwm ua ntej.

Yog li, txiv hmab txiv ntoo xws li strawberries thiab dib nyob rau hauv lub tub yees yuav ua pwm ua ntej lwm yam khoom noj. Ntuj qhob cij (tsis muaj preservatives) khaws cia ntawm chav tsev kub tuaj yeem pwm sai heev.

Dab tsi kub tua pwm spores hauv zaub mov?

Feem ntau cov pwm tuag ntawm qhov kub ntawm 60-70 ° C. Vim li no, boiling dej feem ntau yog txaus los tua pwm. Txawm li cas los xij, nco ntsoov tias pwm tsis yog tsuas yog loj hlob ntawm qhov chaw: lub tshav kub yuav tsum nkag mus rau txhua yam pwm loj hlob los tua nws. 

Tsis tas li ntawd nco ntsoov tias cov mycotoxins tsim los ntawm qee cov pwm tuaj yeem tiv taus cua sov: Boiling tuaj yeem tua cov pwm tab sis tawm hauv lawv cov tshuaj lom.

Vim li ntawd;

Moldy qhob cij Tsis txhob noj nws, pwm tuaj yeem kis mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub khob cij uas koj tsis pom.

Moldy qhob cij zaub mov tuaj yeem ua rau koj mob, thiab yog tias koj ua xua rau pwm, pwm spores tuaj yeem ua rau koj muaj teeb meem ua pa. Koj tuaj yeem khaws cov khob cij hauv lub freezer kom tsis txhob muaj pwm.