Menene zazzabin Dengue? Alamomi da Magani

zazzabin denguekamuwa da cuta ce ta kwayar cuta ta kwayar cutar dengue (DENV) wacce sauro na nau'in Aedes ke yadawa. Wadannan sauro kuma suna haifar da zazzabin chikungunya da cutar Zika.

Kimanin mutane dubu 400 a duniya kowace shekara zazzabin denguean kama shi. Hukumar lafiya ta duniya ta ce sama da mutane biliyan 2,5 a duniya na cikin hadarin kamuwa da wannan cuta, musamman kananan yara a kasashe masu zafi da na karkashin kasa. 

Wani bincike da aka buga ya tabbatar da cewa cutar Dengue na yaduwa a kasashe fiye da 140 a Amurka, Asiya, Afirka da kuma Gabashin Bahar Rum.

Menene nau'ikan zazzabin dengue?

Ana haifar da wannan cuta ta kwayar cutar dengue da flavivirus genus, wanda ke cikin dangin Flaviviridae. Akwai nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta guda huɗu daban-daban waɗanda ke haifar da dengue: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 da DENV-4. 

Har sau hudu a rayuwar mutum zazzabin dengueana iya kamawa.

Ta yaya ake kamuwa da cutar dengue?

Yaduwar kwayar cutar dengue tana kai kololuwa a lokacin damina, a wuraren da ke da karancin zafi da zafi mai yawa. Hanyoyin kamuwa da kwayar cutar ga mutane kamar haka:

• Mace Aedes sauro sauro ne da ke buƙatar jini don samar da ƙwai. zazzabin dengue ya zama mai dauke da kwayar cutar ta hanyar cizon mai cutar. A cikin jikinsu, ƙwayoyin cuta suna ninka cikin kwanaki 8-12 kuma suna yaduwa zuwa kyallen jikin jiki kamar glandan salivary.
• Lokacin da wadannan sauro da suka kamu da cutar suka ciji wani mai lafiya, kwayar cutar takan shiga cikin jini. Yana haifar da ciwon dengue.
• Da zarar mutum ya murmure daga kamuwa da cutar dengue, za su zama rigakafi ga serotype dengue wanda ya haifar da kamuwa da cuta har tsawon rayuwa. 
• Amma mutumin yana nan zazzabin dengueza a iya kamuwa da sauran serotypes na 
• Har ila yau, idan coinfection ta kowane daga cikin ukun da suka rage na serotypes ya faru jim kadan bayan farfadowa daga daya serotype, mutumin na iya fuskantar tsanani. zazzabin dengue cikin hadarin tasowa.

Sauran hanyoyin yada cutar dengue sune kamar haka:

• Ciwon allura.
• Cire kamuwa da jini.
• Ciwon wuri daga uwa mai ciki zuwa jariri.
• Dashen gabbai ko nama.

Menene alamun zazzabin dengue?

Lokacin shiryawa na wannan cuta shine kwanaki 4-8. Ana iya samun marasa lafiya asymptomatic, amma ana iya ganin shi a cikin nau'i mai tsanani kamar zazzabi mai laushi da zazzabin jini na dengue.

Mutanen da ke da ƙananan alamu sukan warke cikin kwanaki 10. zazzabin dengueAlamomi masu laushi suna kama da mura kuma sun haɗa da: 

• Zazzaɓin zazzaɓi kwatsam na kimanin digiri 40.
• Ciwon kai
• Amai da tashin zuciya
• Ciwan makogwaro
• Ciwon tsoka, kashi da haɗin gwiwa
• kumburin gland
• rashes
• zafi a bayan idanu

Manyan alamomin cutar sune kamar haka:

• Plasma leak (zazzabin jini na dengue)
• Zubar da jini a cikin danko da hanci
• amai mai gudana
• dengue shock ciwo
• wahalar numfashi
• ciwon ciki mai tsanani
• jini a cikin fitsari
• Gajiya
• Haushi

Menene abubuwan haɗari ga zazzabin dengue?

Geography: Rayuwa ko tafiya zuwa yankuna masu zafi kamar kudu maso gabashin Asiya, tsibiran Caribbean, Afirka, yankin Indiya.

Shekaru: Yara a ƙarƙashin shekaru 3-4 da tsofaffi suna cikin haɗari mafi girma. 

Cutar da ta gabata: Kafin kamuwa da cuta tare da nau'in serotype na ƙwayar dengue yana ƙara haɗarin haɗuwa da wani serotype.

Cututtuka na yau da kullun: ciwon sukari mellitus, asma, sickle cell anemia ve peptic miki wasu yanayi na yau da kullun, kamar

Gene: Tarihin halitta na mai masaukin baki.

Menene matsalolin zazzabin dengue?

Cutar dengue mai tsanani ko rashin magani na iya haifar da rikitarwa kamar:

• Encephalitis da kuma encephalopathy.
• Rashin gazawar gabobi da yawa.
• Cutar sankarau
• Paralysis
• mutuwa

Yaya ake gano zazzabin dengue?

Cutar tana da wuyar ganewa. Domin alamomi da alamomin sau da yawa zazzabin cizon sauro ne. typhoid ve leptospirosis kamar sauran cututtuka. Ana amfani da hanyoyi masu zuwa don ganewar asali:

• Gwajin Virological: Ana yin gwaje-gwaje irin su reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) don gano abubuwan cutar.
• Gwajin serological: Gwaje-gwaje irin su enzyme-linked immunosorbent tests (ELISA) ana yin su don gano ƙwayoyin rigakafi da aka samar don mayar da martani ga cutar dengue.

ba: Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen suna ba da sakamako masu dacewa idan an yi su a cikin makon farko na kamuwa da cuta.

Maganin dengue

Babu takamaiman maganin cutar. Ana gudanar da yanayin tare da kulawar tallafi tare da ci gaba da lura da yanayin, dangane da tsananin alamar da ke gudana. Wasu hanyoyin magance cutar sune:

Jikowar ruwa: Ana ɗaukar ta ta cikin jini ko kai tsaye ta baki don hana bushewa da share ƙwayar dengue daga tsarin.

Zubar da kayayyakin jini: Ana ba da sabon daskararre plasma don ƙara adadin platelet a cikin jiki.

Nasal CPAP: Don inganta alamun gazawar numfashi mai tsanani.

Magunguna: Irin su Corticosteroids da Carbazochrome sodium sulfonate.

Alurar riga kafi don zazzabin dengue

A cewar wani bincike da aka buga a mujallar Vaccines a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2020, a halin yanzu zazzabin dengueAkwai nau'ikan rigakafi iri biyar da ake da su. Waɗannan su ne allurar rigakafi mai rai (LAV), rigakafin DNA, rigakafin da ba a kunna ba (IV), maganin rigakafi mai saurin kamuwa da cuta (VVV), da allurar subunit recombinant (RSV).

Kowannensu har yanzu yana cikin gwaji na asibiti kuma yana da wasu lahani. Har yanzu ana ci gaba da gudanar da bincike kan wannan batu.

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