Yintoni izibulali-zinambuzane, zithini iimpembelelo zazo? Iintlobo kunye neeNgozi

ekutyeni izibulali zinambuzane Isenza sikhathazeke ngakumbi nangakumbi yonke imihla.

izitshabalalisiIsetyenziselwa ukunciphisa umonakalo kwizityalo zizidalwa ezincinci ezifana nokhula, iimpuku, izinambuzane. Oku kwandisa isivuno sezityalo ezifana neziqhamo kunye nemifuno.

Kodwa isibulali-zinambuzane Iintsalela zayo zaziwa ngokunamathela kumphezulu weziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Kwakhona kuyazibuza ukuba ngaba ezi ntsalela ziyayichaphazela impilo yabantu. 

kwinqaku izibulali zinambuzane kwaye abo banomdla malunga nemiphumo yabo kwimpilo baya kuchazwa.

Yintoni Izibulali-zinambuzane?

ngeyona ndlela ibanzi izibulali zinambuzaneyimichiza esetyenziselwa ukulawula nayiphi na into ephilayo enokuhlasela okanye yonakalise izityalo, iivenkile zokutya, okanye amakhaya.

Zininzi iindidi zezibulali zinambuzane, njengoko zininzi iintlobo ezinokuba yingozi. Ngezantsi kukho imizekelo:

amayeza okubulala izinambuzane

Inciphisa ukutshatyalaliswa kunye nokungcoliseka kwezityalo ezikhulayo nezivunwa zizinambuzane kunye namaqanda azo.

Amayeza okubulala ukhula

Bakwaziwa ngokuba ngababulali bokhula, banyusa isivuno sesityalo.

rodenticides

Kubalulekile ukulawula ukutshatyalaliswa kunye nokungcoliseka kwezityalo ngenxa yezilwanyana eziziinyiki kunye nezifo ezithwala iimpuku.

Iifungicides

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela izityalo ezivuniweyo kunye nembewu ekuboleni kokungunda.

Ilungile isibulali-zinambuzaneiya kutshabalalisa isitshabalalisi ekujoliswe kuso ngaphandle kokubangela naziphi na iziphumo ezibi ebantwini, kwezinye izityalo ezisingqongileyo, izilwanyana kunye nokusingqongileyo.

esetyenziswa kakhulu izibulali zinambuzane oku kusondele kumgangatho ofanelekileyo. Kodwa azifezekanga, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwazo kuneempembelelo zempilo kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Iintlobo zezitshabalalisi

izitshabalalisi Zinokuthi zenziwe, oko kukuthi, ziveliswa kwiibhubhoratri zoshishino okanye ngokwemvelo.

Amachiza okubulala izitshabalalisi okanye imichiza yebhayoloji ziikhemikhali ezenzeka ngokwendalo kodwa zinokuveliswa kwakhona kwiilebhu ukuze zisetyenziswe kulimo oluphilayo.

Izitshabalalisi zokwenziwa

izibulali zinambuzane zokwenziwaYenzelwe ukuba izinzile, ibe neshelufu elungileyo kwaye ibe lula ukuyisasaza.

Ikwayilelwe ukuba isebenze ekujoliseni izitshabalalisi kwaye ibe netyhefu ephantsi kwizilwanyana ezingajoliswanga kunye nokusingqongileyo.

isibulali-zinambuzane sokwenziwa iiklasi ziquka:

Organophosphates

Amayeza okubulala izinambuzane ajolise kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Abambalwa baye bavalwa okanye bathintelwe ngenxa yokuvezwa ngengozi eyityhefu.

iicarbamates

Amayeza ezinambuzane achaphazela inkqubo ye-nervous ngokufanayo ne-organophosphates, kodwa ayinabungozi kangako njengoko iziphumo zazo ziphela ngokukhawuleza.

iipyrethroids

Ikwachaphazela inkqubo ye-nervous. Yinguqulelo eyenziwe ilebhu ye-insecticide yendalo efumaneka kwi-chrysanthemums.

Organochlorines

Ezi, kuquka i-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), zithintelwe ubukhulu becala okanye zibekelwe imiqathango ngenxa yempembelelo yazo embi kokusingqongileyo.

i-neonicotinoids

Amayeza okubulala izinambuzane asetyenziswa kumagqabi nemithi. 

glyphosate

Yaziwa njengesityalo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Roundup, lo mchiza wokutshabalalisa ukhula ubalulekile ekukhuliseni izityalo eziguqulwe ngokwemfuza.

Organic okanye Biopesticides

Ukulima kwendaloukukhula kwizityalo i-biopesticidesukusuka okanye ukwenzeka ngokwemvelo isibulali-zinambuzane sebenzisa imichiza.

Zininzi kakhulu iindidi zokuzishwankathela apha. Nantsi imizekelo embalwa yezibulali zinambuzane ezibalulekileyo:

I-Rotenone

Isibulali zinambuzane esisetyenziswa ngokudityaniswa nezinye izitshabalalisi eziphilayo. Ngokwendalo iveliswa zizityalo ezininzi zaseTropiki njengento yokuthintela izinambuzane kwaye inetyhefu kakhulu kwiintlanzi.

isulfate yobhedu

Utshabalalisa umngundo kunye nokhula oluthile. i-biopesticide Nangona ihlelwa njengemveliso yoshishino, iveliswa kwimizi-mveliso kwaye inokuba yingozi ebantwini nakwimekobume kumanqanaba aphezulu.

iioli zehorticultural

Ibhekisela kwiincindi zeoli ezivela kwizityalo ezahlukeneyo ezinempembelelo ye-insecticidal. Ezi ziyahluka kwizithako zazo kunye nemiphumo enokubakho. Ezinye zinokuzenzakalisa izinambuzane eziluncedo njengeenyosi.

Ityhefu yeBt

I-toxin ye-Bt, eveliswa yibhaktheriya kwaye iyasebenza ngokuchasene nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukeneyo, ifakwe kwiimveliso ezithile ze-genetically modified organism (GMO).

Olu luhlu aluphelelanga, kodwa lubonisa iikhonsepthi ezimbini ezibalulekileyo.

Okokuqala, "i-organic" ayithethi "i-pesticide-free". Endaweni yoko, luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwenzeka kwindalo kwaye lusetyenziswa endaweni yesibulali-zinambuzane esenziwayo. izibulali zinambuzane uvakalisa

Okwesibini, "indalo" ayithethi "engenatyhefu". Amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi kusenokuba yingozi empilweni nakwimekobume.

Ityhefu Yezitshabalalisi

izitshabalalisi inokuba yityhefu ebantwini kodwa isibulali-zinambuzaneUmsebenzi we-in umisela ukuba ziyingozi kangakanani.

Isiphumo kwakhona isibulali-zinambuzaneInokuxhomekeka kwakhona kwisixa kunye nokugxininiswa kwe Inokuba neziphumo ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni umntu uyangena eluswini lwakhe, uyaluginya, okanye aluphefumle.

ukuvezwa kwezibulali zinambuzaneAlukho uphando oluninzi malunga neengozi zempilo zexesha elide ezinokubakho Nangona kunjalo, uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) ucebisa ukuba ukudibana nezixa ezikhulu zezibulali-zinambuzane kunokuchaphazela ukuzala kwaye kunokubangela umhlaza.

Ngokwe-WHO, amayeza okubulala izinambuzane adla ngokuba yityhefu ngakumbi ebantwini kunemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula.

Ngobuninzi a isibulali-zinambuzaneUkutyhileka kunokubangela ityhefu. Iimpawu zetyhefu zinokuvela ngokukhawuleza okanye emva kweeyure ezimbalwa.

Ezinye iimpawu zetyhefu encinci zezi:

- Intloko ebuhlungu

– isiyezi

- Isicaphucaphu

- Urhudo

- isifo sokulala

- Ukucaphuka komqala, amehlo, ulusu okanye impumlo

Iimpawu zetyhefu ephakathi zezi zilandelayo:

– ukubona mfiliba

- Ukungazinzi kakuhle, ukubhideka

– ukugabha

- Ukuncipha komqala

-Isantya sentliziyo esikhawulezayo

Ezinye iimpawu zetyhefu emandla zezi:

– Ukutsha kwemichiza

– engekho zingqondweni

– ukungakwazi ukuphefumla

– Ukugqithisa kwephlegm kwindlela yokuphefumla

Kokuphi ukutya okuqulethe iintsalela zezibulali zinambuzane?

Ephezulu inqanaba lesibulali zinambuzaneZeziphi iziqhamo kunye nemifuno enayo:

- isipinatshi

- Ndingathanda ipere yezinto zokukhafula kwiishethi

-Nectarine

- Ikhaphetshu

- Iidiliya

- Apile

- Itsheri

- Iphitshi

- Iitumato

- Ipere

- Iitapile

- Isileri

Ezi mveliso zinezixa eziphezulu zezibulali-zinambuzane kunezinye iziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Iziqhamo kunye nemifuno enezona zibulali zinambuzane zisezantsi zezi:

- Umbona oswiti

- iponyoponyo

– iiertyisi ezikhenkcezisiweyo

- Ipanapula

- Ipapaya

- Itswele

- I-asparagus

-Aubergine

- Ikhaphetshu

- Ikiwi

- Imelon

- Icauliflower

- Amakhowa

– Imelon eswiti kunye nencindi

– Brngeenxa zonke

Ziziphi iimpembelelo zeMpilo zokuBonelwa ngokuPhakamileyo kwezibulali-zinambuzane?

izitshabalalisikunokubangela iziphumo ezibi zexesha elifutshane ezibi, ezibizwa ngokuba ziimpembelelo ezibukhali, kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingapheliyo ezinokuthi zenzeke kwiinyanga okanye iminyaka emva kokuvezwa. 

Imizekelo yeziphumo zempilo ezibukhali ziquka amehlo abomvu, amadyungudyungu, ubumfama, isicaphucaphu, isiyezi, urhudo kunye nokufa. 

Imizekelo yeziphumo ezingapheliyo ezaziwayo ziyi-cancer, iziphene zokuzalwa, ingozi yokuzala, i-neurological and developmental toxicity, i-immunotoxicity, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine.

Abanye abantu isibulali-zinambuzane zisengozini ngakumbi kwiziphumo zayo kunabanye. Umzekelo, iintsana kunye nabantwana abancinci isibulali-zinambuzaneKuyaziwa ukuba banomdla ngakumbi kwimiphumo eyityhefu yamachiza kunabantu abadala. 

abasebenzi basezifama kunye ukusebenzisa izibulali zinambuzane nabo basesichengeni ngakumbi kuba babhenceka ngakumbi.

Ngaba ukutya kwe-Organic kunezibulali zinambuzane ezincinci?

Iimveliso ze-Organic zinamanqanaba asezantsi eyeza zokwenziwa. Isezantsi emzimbeni isibulali-zinambuzane sokwenziwa ijika ibe ngamanqanaba.

Uphononongo lwabantu abadala abangaphezu kwe-4.400 lubonise ukuba abo bachaza ubuncinane ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso ze-organic babe namazinga aphantsi e-synthetic pesticides kumchamo wabo.

Nangona kunjalo, iimveliso ze-organic zinamanqanaba aphezulu i-biopesticide Ine. Amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisiKukwakho neziphumo zokusingqongileyo, ezithi kwezinye iimeko zibe zimbi kunezinye izinto zokwenziwa.

Ngaba Ndifanele Ndizikhwebule Ekutyeni Okusetyenzisiweyo Kwezibulali-zinambuzane?

Kukho ubungqina obukhulu besayensi bokuba ukutya iziqhamo kunye nemifuno kuneenzuzo ezininzi zempilo.

Oku kusebenza kungakhathaliseki ukuba imveliso yendalo okanye ikhule ngokwesiqhelo kwaye iguqulwe ngokwemfuza.

Abanye abantu bakhathazwa yimeko yendalo okanye impilo yempangelo. izibulali zinambuzaneusenokukhetha ukukuphepha. Kodwa khumbula ukuba i-organic ayithethi ukuba i-pesticide-free.

Uzisusa njani izitshabalalisi ezifana nezitshabalalisi ekutyeni?

Thatha iziqhamo kunye nemifuno engcolileyo kwisitya kwaye ubeke amanzi aneleyo kuyo. Faka iviniga emanzini kwisitya kwaye ushiye isitya ukuze sime imizuzu eyi-15.

Emva koko, yisuse kwisitya kwaye uhlambulule amajikijolo ngamanzi. Iviniga, i-insecticide kunye iintsalela zezitshabalalisiInceda ukususa i-98 pesenti yesiqhamo kwisiqhamo.

Yona, izibulali zinambuzaneYindlela elula kwaye esebenzayo yokususa i-linseed kwiziqhamo kunye nemifuno.

izitshabalalisi, Yingxaki ezanywayo ukunqandwa kodwa iyakhula. Ucinga ntoni ngayo?