Umxholo wenqaku
ukwalana nokutya Ixhaphake kakhulu. Ichaphazela malunga ne-5% yabantu abadala kunye ne-8% yabantwana. Ukwaliwa kusenokuvela kukutya okuninzi.
Yintoni ukwaliwa kokutya?
ukwaliwa kokutya ya da ukwaliwa kokutyaziimeko apho ukutya okuthile kubangela ukusabela komzimba. Kwenzeka xa inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibona ngempazamo ukuba ezinye iiproteni ekutyeni ziyingozi.
Umzimba ke uthatha amanyathelo amaninzi okukhusela, kuquka ukukhulula iikhemikhali ezifana ne-histamine ebangela ukudumba.
Abantu abangadibaniyo nokutya banokuba nokwaliwa nokuba bathe bachanabeka kwimilinganiselo emincinci yoko kutya.
Iimpawu zinokuvela naphi na ukusuka kwimizuzu embalwa ukuya kwiiyure ezimbalwa emva kokuba sesichengeni. Abo bakwaliwayo nokutya badla ngokubonisa ezi mpawu zilandelayo.
Iimpawu zokwaliwa kokutya
– Ukudumba kolwimi, umlomo nobuso
- ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
– uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi
– ukugabha
- Urhudo
-Urticaria
– Irhashalala elirhawuzelayo
Kwiimeko ezinzima ngakumbi ukwaliwa kokutya, kunokubangela i-anaphylaxis. I-Anaphylaxis sisenzo esiyingozi esiqala ngokukhawuleza kwaye sinokubangela ukufa.
Kwi-anaphylaxis, iimpawu ezinje ngerhashalala, ukurhawuzelelwa, ukudumba komqala kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi zibonwa ngokubanzi.
Iimpawu ngokuqhelekileyo zivela ngokukhawuleza kwaye zibuhlungu ngokukhawuleza; Iimpawu ze-anaphylaxis zezi zilandelayo:
– Ukwehla ngokukhawuleza koxinzelelo lwegazi
– Ukuziva uloyiko, ixhala
– Ukurhawuzelelwa, umqala okhenkcezayo
- Isicaphucaphu
-Iingxaki zokuphefumla eziya zisanda
– Ukurhawuzelelwa kwesikhumba kunye nerhashalala kunokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye kugqume umzimba wonke
– ukuthimla
- Amehlo abalekayo kunye neempumlo
-Tachycardia (ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza)
– Ukudumba okukhawulezayo komqala, imilebe, ubuso nomlomo
– ukugabha
- Ukulahlekelwa zingqondweni
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo ze-anaphylaxis ziquka ukulunywa yizinambuzane, ukutya, kunye namayeza. I-Anaphylaxis ibangelwa ukukhululwa kweeprotheni kwiintlobo ezithile zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi.
Ezi proteni zizinto ezinokuqalisa ukuchasana okanye ukwenza ukusabela kubi kakhulu. Ukukhululwa kwawo kusenokubangelwa yinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwizifo okanye enye into engenanto yakwenza nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
ukwaliwa kokutyaIimpawu ezinokuthi zenzeke ngokukhawuleza ziquka ukurhawuzelela, ukudumba komqala okanye imilebe, ukuphelelwa ngumphefumlo kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi. Ezinye iimeko zinokude zife.
ukwalana nokutya zahlulwe zaba ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili. IgE (I-Immunoglobulin E) i-antibody kunye ne-antibody engena-IgE. Amajoni omzimba luhlobo lweprotheyini yegazi esetyenziswa sisixokelelwano sokhuselo lomzimba ukuqaphela kunye nokulwa usulelo.
I-IgE ukwaliwa kokutyaI-antibody ye-IgE ikhutshwa yi-immune system. simahla kwi-IgE ukwaliwa kokutyaKule meko, ii-antibodies ze-IgE azikhululwa kwaye zisetyenziswa ngamanye amacandelo e-immune system ukulwa nesongelo esibonwayo.
Nazi ezona zixhaphakileyo ukwalana nokutya...
Uninzi lwe-Allergies yokutya eqhelekileyo
ukwaliwa lubisi lwenkomo
Ukwaliwa lubisi lwenkomo kuxhaphake kakhulu, ngakumbi kwiintsana nabantwana. ukwalana nokutyayenye ye. Yenye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo zabantwana, ezichaphazela i-2-3% yeentsana kunye nabantwana.
Ukwaliwa lubisi lwenkomo lunokwenzeka kuzo zombini iifom ze-IgE kunye ne-non-IgE, kodwa i-IgE yeyona meko ixhaphakileyo kwaye inokuba yingozi kakhulu yokungalufuni ubisi lwenkomo.
Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abane-IgE yokwaliwa bafumana ukusabela emva kwemizuzu emi-5-30 emva kokusela ubisi lwenkomo. Iimpawu ziquka ukuvuvukala, i-rash, urticaria, ukuhlanza kwaye, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, i-anaphylaxis.
I-non-IgE ye-allergies idla ngokubangela ukuvutha kodonga lwamathumbu, kunye neempawu ezisekelwe emathunjini ezifana nokugabha okanye isifo sohudo. Ukwalana nobisi lwe-Non-IgE kunzima ukukubona.
Ngenxa yokuba ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu zingabonisa ezinye iimeko, kwaye akukho vavanyo lwegazi lokumisela oku. Ukuba ngaba kufunyaniswe ukuba ubisi lwenkomo lufunyaniswa lukwalana nobisi, olona nyango lulo kuphela kukuphepha ubisi lwenkomo kunye nokutya okunalo. Oku kutya neziselo kubandakanya;
- Ubisi
- Umgubo wobisi
- Itshizi
- Ibhotolo
-Imajarini
-Yogathi
– Ikrimu
- I-ice cream
ukwaliwa kweqanda
Ukwaliwa kwamaqanda sisifo sesibini esixhaphakileyo ebantwaneni emva kokwaliwa lubisi lwenkomo. ukwaliwa kokutyayi. Iipesenti ezingama-68 zabantwana abakwaliwa ngamaqanda baye badlule kukwaliwa kwabo ngeminyaka eyi-16. Ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo zokwaliwa yiqanda zezi:
– Ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yokugaya ukutya okufana neentlungu zesisu
– Iintshukumo zolusu ezifana nerhashalala
– Iingxaki zokuphefumla
-I-Anaphylaxis (inqabile)
Ukwaliwa kwamaqanda kuxhaphakile iqandaYenzeka ngokuchasene nomhlophe we , hayi ngokuchasene nomthubi. Oku kungenxa yokuba iiprotheyini zeqanda ezimhlophe kunye ne-yolk zihluke omnye komnye. Uninzi lweeprotheyini ezibangela i-allergies zifumaneka kumhlophe weqanda.
Ukuthatha izilumkiso malunga nokwaliwa kweqanda, njengezinye izinto ezikwaliwayo, kuyimfuneko ukuba uhlale kude namaqanda. Akunakuba yimfuneko ukuphepha okunye ukutya okwenziwa ngamaqanda, njengoko imilo yeeprotheni ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba ziya kutshintsha ngexesha lokupheka.
Kwezi meko, umzimba awuboni iiprotheyini njengento eyingozi kwaye ithuba lokusabela liyancipha. Nangona kunjalo, oku akunjalo kumntu wonke.
ukwaliwa ngamandongomane
Ukwaliwa ngamandongomane kukwalana nembewu ethile efunyenwe emithini. Ukwaliwa ngamandongomane kunokwenzeka xa kutyiwa ezi zinto zilandelayo:
– Brazil nut
- Amangile
– Cashew
– Pistachios
- Iinathi zepayini
-Walnut
Abo badityaniswa namandongomane baye badibane nehazelnuts kunye neemveliso ezenziwe ngazo, ezifana nehazelnut paste. Nokuba awudibani nohlobo olunye okanye ezimbini zamandongomane, kufuneka uwaphephe onke amandongomane. Oku kungenxa yokuba; Abantu abangalufuniyo uhlobo oluthile lwendongomane banomngcipheko owongeziweyo wokukhula kokwaliwa kwezinye iindidi zamandongomane.
Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izinto ezikwaliwayo, ukwaliwa ngamandongomane kuhlala ubomi bonke. Oku kwaliwa kunokuba nzima kakhulu, kwaye ukwaliwa ngamandongomane kunoxanduva lokufa okunxulumene ne-anaphylaxis ngama-50%.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kucetyiswa ukuba abo bangahambisani namandongomane basoloko bephethe i-epipen (isirinji ekwimo yepeni enemithi ethintela izigulane ezinokwaliwa kakhulu ukuba zingene kwi-anaphylaxis) kwiimeko ezisongela ubomi.
ukwaliwa kwamandongomane
Ukwaliwa kwamandongomane luhlobo oluqhelekileyo. Ezinye iimeko zingamandundu kakhulu kwaye zide zibangele iziphumo ezibulalayo zokwaliwa. Abantu abangadibaniyo namandongomane basoloko bengadibani namandongomane nawo.
Nangona esona sizathu sokuphuhlisa i-peanut allergy iyaziwa, kuyaziwa ukuba abo banembali yentsapho ye-peanut allergy ngabona basengozini. Ukwaliwa kwamandongomane kuchaphazela i-4-8% yabantwana kunye ne-1-2% yabantu abadala. Malunga ne-15-22% yabantwana abafumana ukwaliwa kwamandongomane bayayikhulisa ngeminyaka yabo yeshumi elivisayo.
Njengezinye ii-allergies, i-peanut allergy ifunyaniswa kusetyenziswa indibaniselwano yembali yesigulana, uvavanyo lwesikhumba, uvavanyo lwegazi, kunye nokuphendula ekutyeni.
Olona nyango lusebenzayo lokwaliwa kukunqanda amandongomane kunye neemveliso zamandongomane. Nangona kunjalo, unyango olutsha luphuhliswa kubantwana abane-allergies yamandongomane. Enye yezi ndlela zonyango kukutya iimali ezincinci phantsi kolawulo olungqongqo ukuthothisa ukwaliwa. ipeanut Kubandakanya ukupha.
Ukwaliwa kweeshellfish
Ukwaliwa kweeshellfish kwenzeka xa umzimba uhlasela iiproteni ezisuka kusapho lweshellfish kunye nemollusks ezaziwa ngokuba ziicrustaceans. oonokrwece Ukwaliwa kuyenzeka kwezi crustaceans zilandelayo;
- Iprawn
- Icrayfish
- Ilobster
- Isikwati
-Clam
Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo ye-shellfish allergy yiprotheyini ebizwa ngokuba yitropomyosin.
Ezinye iiprotheni ezibandakanyekayo ekuqaliseni impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba yi-arginine, kinase, kunye ne-myosin light chain. Iimpawu zokwalana noonokrwece zidla ngokuvela ngokukhawuleza. Iimpawu zayo ziyafana nezinye i-IgE allergies.
Ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukwahlula ukwaliwa kokwenyani kokutya kwaselwandle kwisenzo esibi sokungcoliseka kokunye ukutya kwaselwandle okufana neentsholongwane, ibhaktiriya kunye nezifunxi-gazi.
Oku kungenxa yokuba iimpawu zayo ziyafana, njengoko inokubangela iingxaki zokwetyisa ezifana nokugabha, urhudo kunye neentlungu zesisu. Ukunqanda ukuchatshazelwa kukwaliwa kweeshellfish, ezi mveliso akufuneki zisetyenziswe.
ukwaliwa yingqolowa
Ukwaliwa yingqolowa kukwaliwa kwenye yeeproteni ezifumaneka kwingqolowa. Ichaphazela abantwana kakhulu. Abantwana abakwaliwa yingqolowa badla ngokukhula ngakumbi xa bekwiminyaka elishumi ubudala.
Njengezinye i-allergies, i-allergies yengqolowa inokubangela ukuphazamiseka kokugaya, ukuhlanza, i-rash, ukuvuvukala, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, i-anaphylaxis.
Ngenxa yokuba ihlala ibonisa iimpawu ezifanayo zokugaya isifo se-celiac kwaye ibhidaniswe ne-gluten allergy. I-alergy yengqolowa yokwenyani ibangela ukusabela komzimba kwelinye lamakhulu eeprotheyini ezifumaneka ngqolowa.
Oku kusabela kunokuba bukhali kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kude kubulale. Isifo seCeliac kunye nobuntununtunu be-gluten abubeki ubomi. Kwezi, umzimba uphuhlisa impendulo engaqhelekanga yokuzikhusela kwiprotheyini ethile (gluten) efumaneka kwingqolowa.
Abo banesifo se-celiac kunye novakalelo lwe-gluten kufuneka baphephe ingqolowa kunye nezinye iinkozo ezinegluten. Abo bane-allergies yengqolowa bafuna nje ukuphepha ingqolowa kwaye banokunyamezela i-gluten kwiinkozo ezingekho ngqolowa.
Ukwaliwa yingqolowa kudla ngokufunyaniswa ngovavanyo lwesikhumba. Indlela yokuthintela ukwaliwa kwengqolowa kukuhlala kude nengqolowa kunye neemveliso zengqolowa. Kufuneka kwakhona uhlale kude nobuhle kunye neemveliso zokuthambisa eziqulethe ingqolowa.
soya aleji
I-Soy allergy ichaphazela i-0.4% yabantwana kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala. Oku kwaliwa kubangelwa yiprotheyini ekwiimbotyi zesoya kunye neemveliso ezineembotyi zesoya. I-70% yabantwana abane-soy allergy bayayiyeka xa bekhula.
Iimpawu zokwaliwa yiSoy ziquka ukurhawuzelelwa, umlomo ovuzayo kunye neempumlo, isifuba kunye nokuphazamiseka kokuphefumla.
Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo kunokubangela i-anaphylaxis. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ezinye iintsana ezinokwaliwa lubisi lwenkomo nazo ziyakwaliwa nesoya.
Ukutya okuxhaphakileyo kokutya kwesoya kukwaliwa ziimveliso zesoya ezifana neembotyi zesoya, ubisi lwesoya, kunye nesosi yesoya. Ekubeni i-soy inokufumaneka kwiimveliso ezininzi zokutya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufunda ileyibhile yemveliso oyithengayo. Njengezinye izinto ezikwaliwayo, ekuphela konyango lokwaliwa kwesoya kukunqanda ezi mveliso.
ukwaliwa kweentlanzi
Ukwaliwa kweentlanzi kuchaphazela i-2% yabantu abadala. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izinto ezikwaliwayo, ukwaliwa kweentlanzi kwenzeka kamva ebomini.
Njengokwaliwa kweeshellfish, ukwaliwa kweentlanzi kunokubangela ukuchasana okunzulu kwaye okunokubulala. Iimpawu eziphambili kukugabha kunye nohudo, kwaye kwiimeko ezinqabileyo i-anaphylaxis. Abantu abanokwaliwa ziintlanzi banikwa i-epipen xa benokuthi batye intlanzi ngempazamo.
Ekubeni iimpawu zisenokufana, ukwaliwa kweentlanzi kubhidaniswa nokusabela kwinkunkuma enjengeebhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, okanye ityhefu ekwintlanzi.
Ngenxa yokuba i-shellfish kunye ne-finned fish ayinayo iprotheni efanayo, abantu abangavumelani ne-shellfish basenokungadibani neentlanzi. Abantu abangadibaniyo neentlanzi basenokungadibani nentlanzi enye okanye ezingaphezulu.
Uluhlu Lokutya Okubangela Ukwalana
ichazwe ngasentla ukwalana nokutya zezona zixhaphakileyo. Kukwakho ukwala ukutya okwahlukileyo. inqabile ukwalana nokutya Inokubangela iimpawu ukusuka ekurhawuzelweni kancinci emlonyeni nasemlonyeni (oral allergy syndrome) ukuya kwi-anaphylaxis esongela ubomi. ixhaphake kakhulu ukwalana nokutya It is:
– Imbewu yeflekisi
– Imbewu yeSesame
- Iphitshi
- Ibhanana
- iponyoponyo
- Itsheri
- Ikiwi
- Isileri
- Igalikhi
– Imbewu yemostade
– Imbewu ye-anise
- Daisy
- Inkukhu
Ukwalana nokutya kunye nokunganyamezeli ukutya
Iingcali, ukwaliwa kokutya Abantu abaninzi abacinga ukuba ngokwenene ukunganyamezeli ukutyaBafumanisa ukuba wayenayo . Ukunganyamezeli kokutya akubandakanyi izilwa-buhlungu ze-IgE.
Iimpawu zivela ngokukhawuleza okanye kamva, ukwalana nokutyaIyafana neempawu ze.
ukwalana nokutya Nangona kwenzeka ngokuphendula kwiprotheni enye, ukunganyamezeli kokutya kunokwenzeka ngenxa yeeprotheyini, iikhemikhali, iicarbohydrates ekutyeni, okanye ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-enzyme okanye ukunyanzeliswa kwamathumbu emathunjini.
ukwaliwa kokutyaNokuba ukutya okuncinci kunokubangela amajoni omzimba kwaye kubangele ukusabela komzimba. Nye ukwaliwa kokutya Inokubangela ukuba isiqaqa, isiyezi, iingxaki zokuphefumla, kunye nokudumba kwamalungu ahlukeneyo omzimba anjengomqala, ulwimi, nobuso. Umntu usenokuziva etshotshozela emlonyeni.
Kufunyaniswa Njani Ukwalana Kokutya?
Ugqirha uya kubuza isigulana malunga nokusabela, kuquka iimpawu, ukuba kwathatha ixesha elingakanani ukusabela ukuba kwenzeke, kukuphi ukutya okubangele oko, ukuba ukutya kwakuphekiwe kusini na, kwaye kwatyiwa phi.
Uvavanyo lwe-Skin prick
I-1 drop of allergen iya kufakwa ngaphakathi kwi-forearm yakho kwaye kuya kwenziwa umkrwelo esikhumbeni sakho nge-lancet enyumba (isixhobo sonyango esicacileyo esenziwe ngesinyithi). Ukuba kukho nakuphi na ukusabela okufana nokurhawuzelelwa, ukudumba, okanye ububomvu, mhlawumbi unohlobo oluthile lokwaliwa.
Ukuvavanywa kolusu ngamanye amaxesha kunokuvelisa iziphumo ezingalunganga okanye iziphumo ezilungileyo. Oogqirha banokusoloko beyalela ezinye iimvavanyo ukuze baqiniseke.
Uvavanyo lwegazi
Uvavanyo lwegazi lwenziwa ukujonga izilwa-buhlungu ze-IgE ezikhethekileyo kwiiproteni ezithile zokutya.
Ukuphelisa ukutya
Ukutya okukrokrisayo akudla ngokutyiwa kangangeeveki ezi-4-6 ukubona ukuba iimpawu ziyasonjululwa na. Kuphinde kutyiwe kwakhona ukuze kubonwe ukuba iimpawu ziyabuya na. izidlo zokuphelisa ifanele ijongwe ngugqirha okanye ingcali yezokutya.
idayari yokutya
Izigulane zibhala phantsi yonke into eziyityayo kwaye zichaze iimpawu ezenzekayo.
Ukulawula i-allergen ekrokrelwayo phantsi kweliso likagqirha
Amehlo esigulane ayavalwa kwaye kunikwa ukutya okuninzi okwahlukeneyo. Enye yazo iqulethe inani elincinci le-allergen ekrokrelwayo. Isigulana sitya nganye kwaye ukuphendula kwakhe kujongwa ngokusondeleyo.
Ngamehlo avaliweyo, isigulane asikwazi ukuba kukuphi ukutya okukrokrelwa ukuba kukwaliwa; Oku kubalulekile kuba abanye abantu basabela ngokwasengqondweni kukutya okuthile (oku akuthathwa njengokwaliwa).
Uvavanyo olunjalo kufuneka lwenziwe kuphela ngugqirha.
Ngubani osemngciphekweni wokwaliwa nokutya?
imbali yosapho
Izazinzulu zicinga ukuba okunye ukwalana nokutya kusenokubangelwa yimizila yemfuza abantu abayifumana kubazali babo.
Umzekelo, abo banabazali okanye abantakwabo abane-peanut allergy banamathuba aphindwe ka-7 oku kwaliwa kunabo bangenayo imbali yosapho.
Okunye ukwaliwa
Umbefu okanye dermatitis atopicAbantu abakwaliwa kukutya banomngcipheko ophezulu wokuphuhlisa i-allergies yokutya kunabantu abangenayo enye into.
ebuntwaneni
Uphononongo lubonise ukuba iintsana ezizalwe ngotyando okanye zinikwe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ekuzalweni okanye kunyaka wokuqala wobomi basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokwaliwa.
iintsholongwane emathunjini
Uphando lwakutsha nje lubonisa ukuba iibhaktheriya zamathumbu ziyatshintsha kubantu abadala abane-nut kunye ne-allergies yexesha. Ngokukodwa, banamanqanaba aphezulu e-bacteroidales kunye namanqanaba asezantsi eClostridiales strains.
Amanqaku ekufanele uwafunde
