Nkhupakupa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe ali m'gulu la Arachnida ndipo amadya magazi a zinyama, mbalame, amphibians ndi zokwawa. Amapezeka mosiyanasiyana. Ili ndi miyendo isanu ndi itatu ndipo imatha kukhala yamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku bulauni mpaka kufiira-bulauni mpaka yakuda. Nkhupakupa zimakula bwino m'malo otentha komanso amadzi. Kulumidwa ndi nyamazi nthawi zambiri sikukhala ndi vuto lililonse, koma nkhupakupa zina zimanyamula matenda omwe amapatsira anthu akaluma, zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Matenda opatsirana ndi nkhupakupa amapezeka kwambiri ku India ndi United States. M'dziko lathu, makamaka ndi kutentha kwa nyengo, matenda ena amakumana ndi nkhupakupa m'madera ena. Zina mwa izo zimabweretsa imfa. Tsopano tiyeni tione matenda opatsirana ndi nkhupakupa padziko lonse lapansi.
Kodi matenda ofalitsidwa ndi nkhupakupa ndi chiyani?
Matenda opatsirana ndi nkhupakupa
1. Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD)
Kyasanur Forest disease ndi matenda obwera chifukwa cha nkhupakupa omwe amayamba chifukwa cha nkhupakupa za H. spinigera ndi H. turturis, zomwe zimakhudza amuna ndi anyani. Matendawa adapezeka mu 1957 m'dera la nkhalango ya Kyasanur m'boma la Shimoga ku Karnataka.
2. Matenda a Lyme
Matenda ofala kwambiri ofalitsidwa ndi nkhupakupa ndi matenda a Lyme. Matenda a LymeAmapatsirana kwa anthu polumidwa ndi nkhupakupa zamiyendo yakuda. Matendawa amawononga ubongo, dongosolo lamanjenje, mtima, minofu ndi mfundo.
3. Matenda a malungo a mapiri a Rocky
Matendawa, omwe dzina lake lenileni ndi rocky mountain spotted fever, ndi matenda a bakiteriya omwe amafalitsidwa ndi nkhupakupa. Zikhoza kuwononga kwambiri ziwalo zamkati monga mtima ndi impso. Zizindikiro za Rocky Mountain spotted fever ndi mutu waukulu komanso kutentha thupi kwambiri. Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri kum’mwera chakum’mawa kwa dziko la United States.
Ndi matenda a virus omwe amafalikira kudzera kuluma kwa nkhupakupa. Zizindikiro za Colorado tick fever zimaphatikizapo malungo, mutu, ndi kuzizira. Matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri m'chigawo cha Colorado, ndipo chiwerengero chachikulu cha milandu yomwe yanenedwa pakati pa February ndi October, ndi 90% ya milandu yomwe inanenedwa pakati pa April ndi July.
5. Tularemia
Ndi matenda opatsirana osowa omwe amakhudza kwambiri zoyamwitsa. Itha kufalikira kwa anthu kudzera mu nkhupakupa komanso kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi chiweto chomwe chili ndi kachilomboka. Zizindikiro za Tularemia zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kumene mabakiteriya amalowa m'thupi.
6. Erlichiosis
Nkhupakupa za nyenyezi zokha zimayambitsa matenda a bakiteriya, omwe amayambitsa zizindikiro za chimfine monga kutsekula m'mimba, kupweteka, ndi kutentha thupi. Nkhupakupa za Lone star ndizofala ku Southeast ndi South Central United States.
7. Babesiosis
Babesiosis ndi matenda a parasitic omwe nthawi zambiri amafalitsidwa ndi nkhupakupa. Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo kuzizira, kupweteka kwa minofu, kutopa, kutentha thupi, kupweteka m'mimba, etc. chapezeka. Ndiwofala kwambiri ku New York, England, Wisconsin, Minnesota, ndi New Jersey.
8. Kutentha thupi kobwerezabwereza
Kutentha kobwerezabwereza ndi matenda omwe amafalitsidwa ndi mtundu wina wa nkhupakupa. Zizindikiro zake ndi mutu, kuzizira, kusanza, chifuwa, kupweteka kwa khosi kapena maso, komanso kutsekula m'mimba. Nthawi zambiri malungo obwerezabwereza amapezeka kumadzulo kwa United States.
9. Granulocytic anaplasmosis yaumunthu
Human granulocytic anaplasmosis ndi matenda omwe amafalitsidwa ndi nkhupakupa omwe amapatsira anthu ndi nkhupakupa za mtundu wa Ixodes ricinus complex. Zizindikiro zake ndi kusanza, nseru, mutu kwambiri komanso kutentha thupi.
Kufa kwa nkhupakupa kumayambitsa dzanzi komanso dzanzi thupi lonse chifukwa cholumidwa ndi nkhupakupa. Ngati sanalandire chithandizo, matendawa amatha kukhudza mapapu.
11. Vuto lokhala ndi nkhupakupa
Zimafalikira ndi nkhupakupa zomwe zili m'nkhalango. Encephalitis yofalitsidwa ndi nkhupakupa imakhudza dongosolo lapakati la minyewa ndipo imayambitsa zizindikiro monga mutu, kutopa, kutentha thupi ndi nseru.
12. Powassan encephalitis
Powassan encephalitis ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amayamba chifukwa cha nkhupakupa. Ndi matenda osowa omwe amayambitsa kutupa mu ubongo, nembanemba kuzungulira ubongo ndi msana.
13. Boutonneuse fever
Zimayambitsidwa ndi Rickettsia conorii ndipo zimafalitsidwa ndi nkhupakupa ya galu Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Boutonneuse fever ndi matenda osowa kwambiri ndipo amapezeka kwambiri m'maiko aku Mediterranean.
14. Matenda a Baggio-Yoshinari
Baggio-Yoshinari syndrome ndi matenda opatsirana ndi Amblyoma cajennense tick. Matenda a matendawa ndi ofanana ndi matenda a Lyme.
15. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
Ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a hemorrhagic fever yomwe imafalikira kwa anthu kudzera mu kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa kapena kukhudzana ndi minofu ya nyama ya viremic. Kutentha kwa magazi ku Crimea-Congo ndi kofala ku Africa, Middle East, Asia, ndi ku Balkan.
16. Ehrlichiosis ewingii matenda
Matenda a Ehrlichiosis ewingii amafalikira kwa anthu ndi nkhupakupa ya nyenyezi imodzi yotchedwa Amblyoma americanum. Nkhupakupa imadziwikanso kuti imafalitsa Ehrlichia chaffeensis, bakiteriya yomwe imayambitsa munthu monocytic ehrlichiosis.
17. Matenda a zidzolo okhudzana ndi nkhupakupa
Nyenyezi yokha imayamba chifukwa cholumidwa ndi nkhupakupa, ndipo zidzolo zimawonekera patatha masiku 7 chiluma cha nkhupakupa. Imakula mpaka 8 cm kapena kupitilira apo. Zizindikiro zogwirizana ndi kutentha thupi, mutu, kutopa ndi kupweteka kwa minofu.
