The human body is a complex structure created by God. It works like a machine made up of thousands of delicate parts, each performing one or more specific functions.
A machine has plenty of spare parts available for fixing after any of the parts are broken.
However, there is no such thing about the human body. Many diseases are caused by the failure of human parts.
Acting as a shield to protect the body against strange invaders, the immune system is actually the source of many health problems.
One of the most common problems based on the immune system type 1 diabetesTruck. It is a rare condition.
In the article "What is type 1 diabetes", "type 1 diabetes causes", "is type 1 diabetes genetic", "type 1 diabetes is gone", "what are the symptoms of type 1 diabetes", "what are the features of type 1 diabetes" Answers to such questions will be sought.
What is Type 1 Diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes Also known as "juvenile diabetes"; It is a condition that occurs when the immune system destroys cells in the human pancreas.
Thesis beta cells are responsible for producing insulin, a hormone necessary to support glucose as it enters tissues and generates energy.
Insulin is the fuel that keeps the body running. When the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin. type 1 diabetes called chronic condition occurs.
Type 1 diabetes for the immune system only destroys beta cells and inhibits insulin production, so type 2 diabetesskin is a little different.
Instead of being attacked by the immune system, the pancreas that makes the body resistant to insulin is also damaged by something else, such as a disease or damage.
Type 1 diabetes Most cases are recorded in childhood or adolescence, but sometimes adults at any age type 1 diabetes can be diagnosed.
Despite the efforts of scientists and doctors, type 1 diabetesstill has no cure. However, it is suitable type 1 diabetes treatmenthelps people with this problem to live a longer and healthier life than in the past.
Why doesn't the pancreas produce insulin?
In most cases, type 1 diabetesIt is thought to be an autoimmune disease. The immune system normally produces antibodies to attack microbes called bacteria and viruses, as well as other microbes.
In autoimmune diseases, the immune system produces antibodies against part of the body. Type 1 diabetesIf you have, you make antibodies that bind to beta cells in the pancreas. These are thought to destroy the cells that make insulin.
It is thought to be something that triggers the immune system to make these antibodies. The trigger is unknown, but a popular theory is that a virus triggers the immune system to make these antibodies.
Rarely, type 1 diabetes It depends on other reasons. For example, severe inflammation of the pancreas or surgical removal of the pancreas for various reasons.
What are the Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes?
Type 1 diabetesIt doesn't take long to diagnose. Type 1 diabetes symptoms and its findings are very clear and easy to recognize.
These symptoms are conditions such as increased thirst, excessive hunger, frequent urination, unwanted weight loss, irritability or other mood changes, blurred vision.
An important symptom that can be observed in women is vaginal yeast infection. Sudden bedwetting in children type 1 diabetes There may be a warning for the problem.
The following are the most common symptoms observed:
Dehydration
When blood sugar levels are high, it is necessary to go to the toilet constantly to get rid of the extra amount of sugar. If symptoms are more common, the body loses a large amount of water and dehydration occurs.
Weight loss
When you urinate frequently, water isn't the only thing that goes out of the body. Therefore, weight loss, people with type 1 diabetesis also common.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
When the body has low blood sugar levels, the liver will work to produce the compensatory amount. If insulin is not available, this amount of glucose cannot be used, so it accumulates in the blood. Meanwhile, glucose deficiency will break down fat cells that produce chemicals called ketones.
This extra glucose, acid buildup, and dehydration are mixed into a combination known as 'ketoacidosis'. Ketoacidosis, patients immediately type 1 diabetes treatment If left untreated, it is a very dangerous and life-threatening condition.
In addition to these, there may be the following symptoms::
Increased hunger (especially after eating)
Dry mouth
- Nausea and vomiting
Frequent urination
- Tiredness
Blurred vision
Heavy, difficult breathing
Common infections of the skin, urinary tract or vagina
Type 1 diabetes The cause of most cases is that the immune system, which is supposed to fight bad or harmful viruses and bacteria to protect the body, accidentally destroys beta cells.
If the cells are damaged, their performance worsens and causes insulin deficiency.
Insulin is a hormone that can greatly affect the body. It is produced by the pancreas near the stomach. Insulin deficiency can cause many troubles.
When the pancreas secretes insulin, this hormone is transferred into the bloodstream. It allows sugar to enter the cells during its circulation. This process will keep the amount of sugar in the bloodstream low and lower the blood sugar level.
Without insulin, when the amount of sugar is out of control type 1 diabetessymptoms arises.
There are also many questions about the effect of sugar or glucose on our body. We all love candy and sweet things. This magical glucose comes from the food we digest every day and from our liver.
The call is made with the help of insulin. If the amount of sugar in foods is too low, the liver will compensate for the deficiency and produce more. If the glucose level is unstable, type 1 diabetesmore likely to be in.
The role of insulin
When a significant number of islet cells are destroyed, you will produce little or no insulin. Insulin is a hormone that comes from a gland located at the back and bottom of the stomach (pancreas).
The pancreas secretes insulin into the bloodstream.
Insulin circulates and allows sugar to enter the cells.
Insulin lowers the amount of sugar in the bloodstream.
- As the blood sugar level decreases, insulin secretion from the pancreas decreases.
The role of glucose
Glucose, a sugar, is the main source of energy for cells that make up muscles and other tissues.
Glucose comes from two main sources: food and liver.
- Sugar is absorbed in the bloodstream, where it enters the cells with the help of insulin.
- The liver stores glucose as glycogen.
When glucose levels are low, for example when you haven't eaten for a while, the liver converts stored glycogen into glucose to keep glucose levels within a normal range.
Type 1 diabetesThere is no insulin to allow glucose to enter the cells, so sugar builds up in the bloodstream. This can cause life-threatening complications.
What are Type 1 Diabetes Risk Factors?
There is a common question that people often ask doctors when they are diagnosed with any condition or disease.
"Why me?" some people while others are not type 1 diabetessuffers from skin. Actually the person type 1 diabetesThere are some risk factors that make you more vulnerable to
Age
The first risk is age. Type 1 diabetesAlthough it has been proven that it can occur at any age, some periods of time can be noticed.
The first stage occurs in children between the ages of 4 and 7 years, and the second stage occurs in children aged 10 to 14 years.
Family history
Someone in your family, such as your parent or even your sibling, type 1 diabetes diseaseIf caught, in family history type 1 diabetes You have a higher risk of contracting this disease than people who do not have this disease.
Genetic
It has been proven that there are a certain number of genes more sensitive than other genes. This factor is somehow out of our control, so all we can do is wish ourselves luck.
Geography
If you live in the equator type 1 diabetes you should worry about it. People living in Finland and Sardinia risk of type 1 diabetes carries.
This rate is about three times higher than in the United States. It has also been noted that the frequency is 400 times higher among people living in Venezuela.
Type 1 diabetes treatmentSome other risk factors have been investigated but not proven to support the disease.
These risks include exposure to certain viruses (e.g. Epstein-Barr virus, mumps virus, Coxsackie virus and cytomegalovirus), low Vitamin D levels, exposure to cow's milk early or being born with jaundice.
With vitamin D supplements type 1 diabetes The relationship between Dr. It was accepted in a 2001 study by Elina Hyppönen because it was determined that children taking vitamin D had a lower risk of diabetes than those who did not use vitamin D.
What are Type 1 Diabetes Complications?
Caused by improper performance of the immune system type 1 diabetescan adversely affect many important organs such as the heart, nerves, blood vessels, eyes and kidneys. It can be severe, sometimes disabling or life threatening.
Keeping blood sugar levels close to normal, type 1 diabeteseffective in most conditions as it can reduce the risk of many serious complications from type 1 diabetes treatment It is considered. These complications are:
Blood and cardiovascular disease
Type 1 diabetesAs you become infected, there will be an increased risk of developing a variety of cardiovascular diseases as a result.
These cardiovascular problems include coronary artery disease, including heart attack, chest pain (angina), stroke, high blood pressure, and even narrowing of the arteries (also known as atherosclerosis).
People with type 1 diabetes A very common complication for a person is an irritant to the finger. Because excessive sugar levels damage the walls of blood vessels. These blood vessels are expected to feed the nerves in many parts of the body, especially in the legs.
Symptoms of nerve damage that a person may be exposed to are numbness, tingling, pain and burning in the tip of the finger or toe.
Pain, type 1 diabetes treatment If not applied in time, it will spread upward and eventually result in a diminished sense of sensation.
Sometimes problems with nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, or constipation can occur when nerves affecting the gastrointestinal tract are damaged.
Eye Damage
As it may cause blindness risk of type 1 diabetesIt would be wrong to underestimate. This problem is the result of damage to the retinal blood vessels (diabetic retinopathy).
Type 1 diabetes treatment when it is not effective or done on time, type 1 diabetescan increase the risk of serious vision problems, such as cataracts and glaucoma.
Kidney Damage (Nephropathy)
Because the kidneys contain millions of small blood vessel clusters that filter waste from the blood, this type of diabetes can cause many kidney-related problems when it hurts the harmful filtering system.
If the damage is severe, kidney performance will decrease and result in failure. The condition can worsen and cause irreversible end-stage kidney disease. Then, type 1 diabetes treatmentA kidney transplant or dialysis is required.
Pregnancy Complications
Type 1 diabetes It can be very dangerous for pregnant women due to serious complications. When blood sugar levels are high, the mother and baby are also at risk.
When it comes to choosing the right type 1 diabetes treatment With diabetes, if diabetes is not well controlled, the frequency of birth defects, stillbirths and miscarriages will increase.
In addition, the risk of high blood pressure during pregnancy, diabetic ketoacidosis, preeclampsia and diabetic eye problems (retinopathy) type 1 diabetes if they see it is also high for mothers.
Foot Injury
In some people type 1 diabetesMay cause foot damage. Many foot complications occur if the nerves in the feet are damaged or blood flow is impaired.
The condition gets more serious if people try to ignore it or leave the condition untreated. Serious infection will result from cuts and blisters and cause toes, foot or leg amputation due to poor health.
Skin and Oral Conditions
Type 1 diabetes One of the complications it may encounter rarely is sensitive skin. This problem can cause discomfort for people in daily life.
Type 1 Diabetes in Children
Type 1 diabetes Once upon a time teen diabetes was known as. This is because it is often diagnosed in children and young adults.
By comparison, type 2 diabetes is typically diagnosed in older adults. However, both types can be diagnosed at almost any age.
Symptoms of type 1 diabetes in children It is as follows:
- Weight loss
- Bed soaking or urinating more often
Feeling weak or tired
Being hungry or thirsty more often
Mood swings
Blurred vision
As with adults, children with type 1 diabetes treated with insulin.
How Is Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosed?
Type 1 diabetes it is usually diagnosed through a series of tests. Some can be executed quickly, while others require hours of preparation or monitoring.
Type 1 diabetes usually develops quickly. People are diagnosed if they meet one of the following criteria:
Fasting blood glucose> 126 mg / dL in two separate tests
- random blood glucose> 200 mg / dL with symptoms of diabetes
Hemoglobin A1c> 6.5 in two separate tests
These criteria are also used to diagnose type 2 diabetes. Actually, type 1 diabetes patients it is sometimes incorrectly diagnosed as type 2.
The doctor may not realize that you have been misdiagnosed until they develop complications or worsen symptoms despite treatment.
How is Type 1 Diabetes Treated?
Whichever diabetes treatment you choose, they are all expected to meet a goal. It tries to keep the blood sugar level balanced and as close to the normal level as possible.
If the amount of glucose in the blood increases enough, things are fine. The ideal number is between 70 and 130 mg / dL or 3.9 to 7.2 mmol / L.
Diagnosing type 1 diabetes When put, the important thing to know is, type 1 diabetes treatmentcan be difficult.
A series recommended by doctors type 1 diabetes treatment has. All of these treatments consist of four main methods: Taking insulin, frequent blood sugar monitoring, healthy diet and exercise.
Taking insulin
Insulin type 1 diabetes treatment Taking it as it will eliminate the insulin inefficiency of the whole body.
When the body cannot produce enough of this chemical, it can be transferred to the blood with medical treatment. Type 1 diabetes Anyone who has problems with it will need lifelong insulin therapy.
After diagnosis, even in a period when blood sugar levels are controlled without insulin, this phase does not last long.
A fine needle called an insulin pen will be given to inject insulin into the body. Occasionally, there may be a syringe option available.
Insulin Pump
Using an insulin pump type 1 diabetes treatmentIt is one of the first and is a good alternative to injecting insulin. It is a device that is as small as a cell phone and holds insulin.
There is a long piece of tubing used to connect the pump to your skin. Insulin is transferred through this tube and inserted under the skin with a needle at the end of the tube.
Bu Type 1 diabetes treatment methodOne advantage of is being able to control the rate of insulin pumped into the bloodstream.
Blood Sugar Monitoring
Whatever method you choose, blood glucose monitoring should definitely be applied. type 1 diabetes treatmentdir. It is recommended that this method be used in conjunction with other treatment solutions.
Type 1 diabetesIf you get caught, there is a test you should pay attention to. This is the HbA1c test. HbA1c is known as a form of hemoglobin. This chemical is expected to transport oxygen to red blood cells containing glucose.
This HbA1c test is applied to measure blood glucose levels in the last 2-3 months. If you get high results for the test, the blood glucose level has been high in the past week and type 1 diabetes treatmentIt means you have to consider changing your mind.
Here type 1 diabetes treatmentAfter that, your target for testing is less than 59 mmol / mol (7,5%). However, for some people, the ideal number may be lower, around 48 mmol / mol (6,5%).
Blood sugar levels are affected by many factors such as illness and stress, even if you follow a healthy diet or exercise.
Some unhealthy habits, such as drinking alcohol or taking drugs, can also change its level. Therefore, regular control of blood sugar, type 1 diabetes treatmentIt makes it as effective as expected.
Type 1 Diabetes Nutrition
Type 1 diabetesOne of the easiest treatment methods is to eat healthy foods.
Contrary to common perceptions, there is no diabetes diet. However, you need to take control of your diet with nutritious, high-fiber and low-fat foods.
For example, fruits, cereals and vegetables are ideal for your daily meals. Refined carbohydrates (such as white bread and sweets) and animal products should be less in a healthy diet.
Regular Exercise
Exercise, people with type 1 diabetes It is one of the treatment methods for people, but also a highly recommended habit for everyone.
This practice can improve health and shape the body. People with type 1 diabetesfirst, ask the doctor if they should exercise or not.
Choose your preferred activities such as swimming, walking or cycling and make it a part of your daily routine. These physical activities can lower blood sugar.
Application hours are at least 30 minutes each day for adults and shorter for children. Strength and flexibility training exercises are also important.
Is Type 1 Diabetes Inherited?
Type 1 diabetes Although it is not an inherited disease, there are some genetic factors. With type 1 diabetes a first-degree relative of the person (sister, brother, son, daughter) type 1 diabetes The chance of improvement is approximately 16 in 1.
This is higher than the overall population chances of about 300 in 1. This is probably because some people like diabetes autoimmune diseases and this is because of their genetic makeup, which is inherited.
Preventing Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetesThere is no known way to prevent i. But researchers are working to prevent disease or further destruction of islet cells in newly diagnosed people.
Living with Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetesis a chronic disease with no cure. But type 1 diabetes People can live a long and healthy life with appropriate treatment such as taking insulin, eating healthy, and exercising.
As a result;
Type 1 diabetesis an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This can cause high sugar levels in the blood, which can have serious consequences.
Early symptoms include frequent urination, increased hunger and thirst, vision changes, but diabetic ketoacidosis may also be the first indicator. Complications may develop over time.
Insulin therapy is necessary to manage diabetes and prevent complications. With treatment with type 1 diabetes a person can live an active life.
