Kaofela re sebelisa polasetiki letsatsi le leng le le leng. Plastiki ka kakaretso ha e ka sebopeho sa biodegradable. Ha nako e ntse e ea, e robeha likotoana tse nyenyane tse bitsoang microplastics, tse ka bang kotsi tikolohong. Liphuputso tsa morao-rao li bontša hore li-microplastics hangata li fumanoa lijong, haholo-holo lijong tsa leoatleng. Joale microplastic ke eng, likotsi tsa eona ke life? Mona ke lipotso mabapi le eona…
Microplastics ke eng?
Microplastic ke likotoana tse nyane tsa polasetiki tse fumanehang tikolohong. E hlalosoa e le likaroloana tsa polasetiki tse ka tlase ho 5 mm ka bophara. E hlahisoa e le lipolasetiki tse nyane, joalo ka lifaha tsa polasetiki tse boholo bo nyane tse kentsoeng ho sesepa sa meno le li-exfoliants, kapa li thehoa ha lipolasetiki tse kholo li senyeha tikolohong.
Microplastics ke eng?
Li-microplastic li tloaelehile maoatleng, linōkeng le mobung. Hangata e jeoa ke liphoofolo.
Letoto la lithuto lilemong tsa bo-1970 li ile tsa qala ho batlisisa maemo a microplastic maoatleng 'me tsa fumana maemo a phahameng Leoatleng la Atlantic ho tloha lebōpong la United States.
Ka lebaka la tšebeliso e ntseng e eketseha ea lefatše ea polasetiki matsatsing ana, ho na le polasetiki e ngata haholo linōkeng le maoatleng. Hoo e ka bang lithane tse limilione tse 8.8 tsa litšila tsa polasetiki li kena ka leoatleng selemo le selemo.
Lithane tse 276.000 tsa polasetiki ena hajoale li phaphametse ka leoatleng, 'me tse ling kaofela li kanna tsa teba kapa tsa phaphamala lebopong.
Hang ha e se e le leoatleng, li-microplastics li tsamaisoa ke maqhubu, liketso tsa maqhubu le maemo a moea 'me li ka hasana libakeng tsohle tsa tikoloho ea leoatle.
Ha likaroloana tsa polasetiki li honyela ebe li fetoha li-microplastic tse nyenyane, li ka jeoa habonolo ke liphoofolo tse hlaha, bothata bo boholo litseleng tsa metsi kajeno.
Li-microplastic li ntse li eketseha libakeng tse ngata tse fapaneng, 'me lijo le tsona li joalo.
Phuputso ea morao tjena e ile ea hlahloba mefuta e 15 e fapaneng ea letsoai la leoatleng 'me ea fumana likaroloana tse 273 tsa microplastic ka kilogram (600 particles per kilogram) ea letsoai.
Mohloli o tloaelehileng oa li-microplastics lijong ke lijo tsa leoatleng. Kaha microplastic e atile haholo metsing a leoatle, e jeoa ke litlhapi le lintho tse ling tse phelang metsing.
Liphuputso tsa morao tjena li bontšitse hore litlhapi tse ling li ja polasetiki e le lijo, e leng se ka etsang hore ho be le lik’hemik’hale tse chefo tse bokellanang sebeteng sa litlhapi.
Phuputso e ’ngoe e bontša hore li-microplastic li teng esita le libōpuoa tse tebileng tsa leoatle, tse amang esita le mefuta e hōle ka ho fetisisa ea lintho tse phelang. mussels leoyster Mefuta e meng e mengata e kotsing e kholo ea ho silafala.
Phuputsong ea morao tjena, li-mussels le lihlahisoa tsa oyster tse ts'oaretsoeng ho sebelisoa ke batho li na le likaroloana tsa microplastic tsa 0.36-0.47 ka gram, lelikhofuHo 'nile ha utloisisoa hore e ka ja likaroloana tsa microplastic tse ka bang 11.000 ka selemo.
Microplastic e ama bophelo ba motho joang?
Leha liphuputso tse ling li bonts'itse hore li-microplastic li fumaneha lijong, ho ntse ho sa hlaka hore na li ka ba le litlamorao life tsa bophelo bo botle. Ho fihlela joale, liphuputso tse fokolang li hlahlobile hore na li-microplastics li ama bophelo ba batho le maloetse joang.
Li-phthalates, mofuta oa lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisetsoang ho etsa hore polasetiki e tenyetsehe, e fumanoe e eketsa kholo ea lisele tsa mofetše oa matsoele.
Phuputso ea morao tjena e ile ea hlahloba liphello tsa microplastics ho litoeba tsa laboratori. Ha li fuoa litoeba, li-microplastics li bokelloa sebeteng, liphio le mala 'me li eketseha sebeteng.khatello ea oxidative limolek'hule tse bokeletseng. E boetse e eketsa boemo ba molek'hule e ka bang chefo bokong.
Li-microparticles, ho kenyelletsa le li-microplastics, li bonts'itsoe hore li fetela ka mpeng ho ea maling 'me li ka kena lithong tse ling.
Li-microplastics le tsona li fumanoe ho batho. Phuputsong e 'ngoe, likhoele tsa polasetiki li fumanoe ho 87% ea matšoafo a motho a hlahlobiloeng. Bafuputsi ba fane ka maikutlo a hore sena se ka bakoa ke li-microplastic tse teng moeeng.
Liphuputso tse ling li bontšitse hore li-microplastics tse tsamaisoang ke moea li ka etsa hore lisele tsa matšoafo li hlahise lik'hemik'hale tsa ho ruruha.
Bisphenol A (BPA) ke e 'ngoe ea lipolasetiki tse ithutoang haholo tse fumanoang lijong. Hangata e fumaneha ka har'a liphutheloana tsa polasetiki kapa lijaneng tsa polokelo ea lijo 'me e ka kena ka har'a lijo.
Bopaki bo bong bo bontšitse hore BPA e ka kena-kenana le li-hormone tsa ho ikatisa, haholo-holo ho basali.
Tšenyo ea microplastic ke efe?
E baka chefo maleng a motho, matšoafo, sebete le lisele tsa boko.
E senya liphoofolo tse hlaha tsa metsing le mefuta-futa ea lintho tse phelang.
