Dukanmu muna amfani da filastik kowace rana. Filastik gabaɗaya baya cikin sigar da ba za ta iya lalacewa ba. A tsawon lokaci, yana raguwa zuwa ƙananan ƙananan da ake kira microplastics, wanda zai iya cutar da muhalli. Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa ana samun microplastics a cikin abinci, musamman a cikin abincin teku. To menene microplastic, menene illarsa? Ga tambayoyi game da shi…
Menene microplastics?
Microplastics ƙananan ƙananan filastik ne da aka samo a cikin muhalli. An bayyana shi azaman barbashi na filastik ƙasa da 5 mm a diamita. Ana samar da shi a matsayin ƙananan robobi, kamar ƙananan ƙwanƙolin filastik da aka saka a cikin man goge baki da kayan cirewa, ko kuma an kafa shi lokacin da manyan robobi suka rushe a cikin muhalli.
Menene microplastics?
Microplastics sun zama ruwan dare a cikin tekuna, koguna, da ƙasa. Yawancin lokaci dabbobi suna cinye shi.
Wani jerin bincike a cikin 1970s sun fara binciken matakan microplastics a cikin teku kuma sun sami matakan girma a cikin Tekun Atlantika a bakin tekun Amurka.
Saboda karuwar amfani da robobi a duniya a kwanakin nan, akwai robobi da yawa a cikin koguna da kuma tekuna. Kimanin tan miliyan 8.8 na sharar filastik ne ke shiga cikin teku a kowace shekara.
Ton 276.000 na wannan robobi a halin yanzu suna shawagi a cikin tekun, tare da yuwuwa sauran su nutse ko kuma suna shawagi a teku.
Da zarar a cikin teku, microplastics suna motsawa ta igiyoyin ruwa, aikin igiyar ruwa da yanayin iska kuma suna iya yaduwa zuwa duk sassan yanayin yanayin ruwa.
Lokacin da ƙwayoyin robobi suka ragu kuma suka zama ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, namun daji za su iya cinye su cikin sauƙi, babbar matsala a hanyoyin ruwa a yau.
Ana ƙara samun microplastics a wurare daban-daban, kuma abinci ba banda.
Wani bincike na baya-bayan nan ya yi nazarin nau'ikan gishirin teku daban-daban guda 15 kuma ya gano 273 microplastic barbashi a kowace kilogiram (barbashi 600 a kowace kilogram) na gishiri.
Mafi yawan tushen microplastics a cikin abinci shine abincin teku. Saboda microplastic ya fi yawa a cikin ruwan teku, kifi da sauran halittun ruwa ke cinye shi.
Binciken baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa wasu kifaye na amfani da robobi a matsayin abinci, wanda hakan kan haifar da sinadarai masu guba da ke taruwa a hantar kifin.
Wani binciken kuma ya nuna cewa, ma’adanai masu ma’ana da ’yan Adam (microplastics) suna cikin halittu masu zurfi a cikin teku, suna shafar ko da mafi nisa. mussels dakawa Yawancin sauran nau'ikan suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cuta sosai.
A cikin wani bincike na baya-bayan nan, kayan lambu da kayan kawa da aka kama don amfanin ɗan adam suna da ƙwayoyin microplastic 0.36-0.47 a kowace gram, kumakifi kifiAn fahimci cewa zai iya cinye har zuwa 11.000 microplastic barbashi a kowace shekara.
Ta yaya microplastic ke shafar lafiyar ɗan adam?
Ko da yake wasu bincike sun nuna cewa ana samun microplastics a cikin abinci, har yanzu ba a bayyana irin tasirin da zasu iya yi akan lafiya ba. Ya zuwa yanzu, ƙananan bincike sun bincika yadda microplastics ke shafar lafiyar ɗan adam da cututtuka.
Phthalates, wani nau'in sinadari da ake amfani da shi don yin sassaucin filastik, an gano yana ƙara haɓakar ƙwayoyin cutar kansar nono.
Wani bincike na baya-bayan nan yayi nazarin tasirin microplastics a cikin berayen dakin gwaje-gwaje. Lokacin da aka ba wa berayen, microplastics sun taru a cikin hanta, kodan da hanji kuma suna karuwa a cikin hanta.oxidative danniya tara kwayoyin halitta. Har ila yau, ya ƙara matakin kwayoyin da zai iya zama mai guba ga kwakwalwa.
An nuna ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da microplastics, suna wucewa daga hanji zuwa cikin jini kuma mai yuwuwa zuwa wasu gabobin.
An kuma sami microplastics a cikin mutane. A cikin binciken daya, an gano filayen filastik a cikin kashi 87% na huhun ɗan adam da aka bincika. Masu bincike sun nuna cewa wannan na iya zama saboda microplastics da ke cikin iska.
Wasu bincike sun nuna cewa microplastics na iska na iya haifar da ƙwayoyin huhu don samar da sinadarai masu kumburi.
Bisphenol A (BPA) na ɗaya daga cikin robobin da aka fi nazarin da ake samu a abinci. Ana samunsa sau da yawa a cikin kwandon filastik ko kwantena na abinci kuma yana iya shiga cikin abinci.
Wasu shaidu sun nuna cewa BPA na iya tsoma baki tare da hormones na haihuwa, musamman a cikin mata.
Menene lalacewar microplastic?
Yana haifar da guba a cikin hanji, huhu, hanta da ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa.
Yana cutar da namun ruwa da namun daji da halittu.
