Sadness, crying for no reason, hopelessness, emptiness, worthlessness, indifference to daily activities are the symptoms of depression. These feelings are actually things that most people know and experience from time to time. But if the condition becomes persistent and becomes a life-affirming dimension, the possibility of depression arises.
What is Depression?
Depression is a common and serious illness that affects how a person feels, thinks and acts. In this disease, the person feels sad all the time. He starts not enjoying the things he used to enjoy. The ability to carry out daily tasks is reduced. Depression leads to a variety of emotional and physical symptoms.
Depression symptoms
Major events that affect a person's life, such as the death of someone or the loss of a job, can cause depression. Doctors do not consider momentary feelings of grief as depression. If the condition becomes persistent, the possibility of depression is considered.
Depression is a disease that affects the brain. A chemical imbalance in certain areas of the brain can cause depression. Depression symptoms occur over time.
Symptoms of Depression
Decreased interest in fun activities
a depressed mood
loss of sexual desire
changes in appetite
Losing or gaining weight without such a purpose
Sleeping too much or too little
Anxiety and restlessness
slow movement and speech
fatigue or loss of energy
Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
Difficulty thinking, concentrating and making decisions
Recurrent death, suicidal thoughts or suicide attempts
In order for the condition to be understood as depression, the above-mentioned depression symptoms must persist for at least 2 weeks. The chances of experiencing depression again after treatment are very high. Women are more affected by this disease.
Depression Symptoms in Women
Depression is 2 times more common among women. The symptoms of depression in women appear as follows.
Irritability
Anxiety
Mood swings
Fatigue
to dwell on negative thoughts
Depression Symptoms in Men
Men who experience depression drink more alcohol than women. Outbursts of anger occur as a result of the disorder.Other symptoms of depression in men is as follows:
Staying away from family and social environments
work without a break
Difficulty keeping up with work and family responsibilities
Exhibiting offensive behavior in relationships
Depression Symptoms in Teenagers
Physical changes, peer pressure, and other factors can cause depression in teens.
Withdrawal from friends and family
Difficulty concentrating on school
Feeling guilty, helpless, or worthless
Experiencing restless states such as being unable to sit still
Depression Symptoms in Children
Depression symptoms in children make school and social activities difficult.
constant crying
Weakness
challenging behaviors
quarrels and offensive speeches
Young children have trouble expressing how they feel in words. This makes it difficult for them to explain their feelings of sadness.
What Causes Depression?
Disruption of the chemical balance in the brain plays a major role in the onset of depression. The frontal lobe, which is effective in emotional state, judgments, goals and solutions in the brain, is damaged as a result of traumatic events. This causes depression. For example, depression is more likely to occur as a result of events that have an impact on the brain, such as ending a relationship, giving birth, the death of a loved one, unemployment, drug and alcohol abuse. We can list the causes of depression as follows:
Physical brain differences: People with depression may have physical changes in their brains.
Chemical imbalances: Brain functions are controlled by a delicate balance of chemicals and neurotransmitters. If these chemicals change, symptoms of depression can develop.
Hormonal changes: Depression symptoms can occur as a result of hormonal changes. Hormones can change due to thyroid problems, menopause, or another condition.
Life changes:The loss of a loved one, ending a job or relationship, financial stress or trauma can trigger depression.
Genes: A person who has a close relative with depression has a predisposition to develop the disease.
Emotions caused by depression
The depressed person feels as follows:
Sad
pathetic
Unhappy
Sinirli
Meek
Guilty
frustrated
Insecure
Unstable
Careless
Disappointed
Thoughts caused by depression
The depressed person may have thoughts such as:
“I am a failure.”
"My fault."
“Nothing good happens to me.”
“I am worthless.”
“There is nothing good in my life.”
“Things will never change.”
“Life is not worth living.”
“People would be better off without me.”
Depression Risk Factors
Some people have a higher risk of depression than others. Depression risk factors include:
Life changes such as bereavement, problems at work, changes in relationships, financial problems and medical concerns
experiencing acute stress
Having a relative with a history of depression
Use of certain prescription drugs such as corticosteroids, some beta-blockers, and interferon
Using recreational drugs such as alcohol or amphetamines
have had a head injury
have had major depression before
Experiencing a chronic illness such as diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or cardiovascular disease
Depression can affect anyone, including children and adults. Women are twice as likely as men to experience depression, especially after giving birth. People with the above-mentioned risk factors have a high risk of developing the disease. People with certain diseases are also at higher risk. For example;
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease
Stroke
Multiple sclerosis
seizure disorders
Cancer
Macular degeneration
Chronic pain
Diagnosing Depression
If you suspect symptoms of depression, such as inattention, feelings of worthlessness, pessimism, unhappiness, feelings of guilt, thoughts of death, go to a psychiatrist for professional help. The psychiatrist starts the treatment by making the correct diagnosis.
Depression Treatment
Depression treatment method varies from person to person. The most preferred method is psychotherapy. In more severe cases, drug therapy is used.
Antidepressants are drugs used to treat moderate to severe depression. Antidepressant drugs used in the treatment of depression are classified as follows:
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Tricyclic antidepressants
atypical antidepressants
Selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
These drugs should only be used when prescribed by the doctor. Some medications may take some time to take effect. Do not stop taking the medication immediately after the symptoms of depression have resolved. Use for as long as the doctor recommends. If you stop taking the medication after the symptoms have improved, the depression may recur.
SSRIs and SNRI groups of antidepressants may have some side effects such as:
Nausea
Constipation
Diarrhea
low blood sugar
Weight loss
Debris
sexual dysfunction
Types of Depression
There are types of depression such as major depression, permanent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, psychotic depression, postpartum depression, and seasonal depressive disorder.
1) Major depression
A person with major depression experiences constant sadness. He loses interest in activities he used to enjoy. Treatment usually takes the form of medication and psychotherapy.
2) Persistent depressive disorder
Persistent depressive disorder, also known as dysthymia, causes symptoms that last at least 2 years. The person with this disorder has milder symptoms as well as episodes of major depression.
3) Bipolar disorder
Depression is a common symptom of bipolar disorder. Studies,bipolar disorder It shows that about half of people with depression may have symptoms of depression. This makes it difficult to distinguish bipolar disorder from depression.
4) Psychotic depression
Some people experience psychosis along with depression. Psychosis is a state of false beliefs and detachment from reality. Hallucinations may also occur.
5) Postpartum depression
When hormone levels readjust after giving birth, mood swings can occur. There is no single cause of this type of depression. It can take months or years. Anyone who experiences persistent depression after giving birth should seek medical attention.
6) seasonal depressive disorder
This type of depression, called seasonal affective disorder or SAD, occurs as a result of decreased daylight during the fall and winter months. People living in countries with long or severe winters are more affected by this condition.
Factors Triggering Depression
Stress triggers depression just as it triggers other diseases. Some situations such as birth, loss of a loved one, earthquake, sexual harassment are among the stress factors.
Triggers are emotional, psychological, or physical events that can cause symptoms of depression to appear or return. The most common factors that trigger depression are:
Stressful life events such as loss, family conflicts, and changes in relationships.
Incomplete recovery by stopping treatment early
Medical conditions such as obesity, heart disease, and diabetes
Is depression genetic?
Depression shows a familial predisposition. People with a close relative with depression are two to three times more likely to suffer from depression. However, not everyone with depression has this history in their family. In depression, genetics is only at the predisposition level. The disease is significantly affected by environmental stressors.
Will depression get better?
Depression is a treatable illness. There is no obvious cure for the disease. There are effective therapies that aid healing. The sooner treatment is started, the higher the chance of success.
Does depression recur?
Depression is a recurrent illness. Having it repeated before increases the likelihood of recurrence. The recurrence of depression depends on the following factors:
Some symptoms remain after the depression has resolved
have had depression before
Chronic depression (Dysthymia)
Presence of people with a family history of depression
Depression not only affects social and private life, but also affects performance in business life. Studies indicate that untreated depression triggers serious diseases such as dementia, heart disease and cancer. Diseases associated with depression include:
Dementia
There is a link between depression and dementia. Researchers have realized that depression may be among the earliest warning signs of brain disease.
Heart disease
An increased risk of heart disease and heart attack is linked to depression. A Norwegian study found that the risk of heart failure can be as high as 40% in people experiencing major depression.
Cancer
Doctors state that depression poses a risk in certain types of cancer, especially pancreatic cancer.
Stress
A recent study notes that for some people, depression can be an allergic reaction to stress.
Thyroid conditions
The thyroid glands produce hormones and proteins that regulate most of the body's system. Some studies have linked thyroid problems to depression. A study published in the Journal of Thyroid Research found that people diagnosed with depression are more likely to experience thyroid problems.
Depression and Nutrition
Unfortunately, there is no specific diet that alleviates depression. But some foods have a slight effect on mood. So how to eat in depression?
Eat an antioxidant-rich diet. Eat foods that contain beta carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E. Foods rich in antioxidants neutralize free radicals that cause cell damage.
Carbs are mood-enhancing brain chemical Supports the secretion of serotonin. Avoid sugar and simple carbohydrates. Eat complex carbohydrates found in whole grains, fruits, vegetables and legumes.
Protein-rich foods tryptophan It contains an amino acid called serotonin that can help make serotonin. Healthy sources of protein include beans, peas, lean beef, low-fat cheese, fish, milk, poultry, soy products, and yogurt.
Legumes, nuts, many fruits and dark green vegetables contain folate. Vitamin B12 is found in all fat-free and low-fat animal products, such as fish and low-fat dairy products.
Increase vitamin D consumption by getting enough sunlight or eating rich foods.
Selenium deficiency triggers bad mood. Therefore, eat foods rich in selenium such as legumes, lean meat, low-fat dairy, seafood.
Eat a diet rich in omega-3s, such as fish.
People who are overweight and obese are more likely to be depressed. In such a case, losing weight will reduce the effect of the disease.
Depression and Exercise
According to studies, those who exercise regularly have better mood. Depression rates are lower. Benefits of exercising for depression include:
Self-esteem improves.
When you exercise, the body releases chemicals called endorphins. Endorphins interact with receptors in the brain that reduce the perception of pain.
It brings a positive and energetic perspective to life.
It reduces stress.
It fends off feelings of anxiety and depression.
It improves sleep.
The type of exercise performed also supports the treatment of depression. For example; activities such as cycling, dancing, jogging at moderate pace, playing tennis, swimming, walking, and yoga are thought to be more effective. Try to exercise for at least 20 to 30 minutes three times a week.
Vitamins and minerals that are good for depression
A combination of prescription medications and counseling and therapy is used to treat depression. Antidepressant medications help resolve underlying problems such as a chemical imbalance.
Alternative treatments for depression continue to be studied. Researchers have focused on vitamins and minerals that are good for depression. Vitamins and minerals that are good for depression are stated to be:
B vitamins
It is important for brain health. Vitamins B6 and B12 have a special importance in brain health. They help produce and control chemicals that affect mood and other brain functions.
Foods rich in B vitamins; meat, fish, eggs and milk. If your B vitamin levels are severely low, your doctor may recommend a B complex supplement. Raising vitamin levels helps end the symptoms of depression.
Folic acid
Studies with depressionfolic acid found a relationship between vitamin B9 deficiency, known as According to these studies, it has been observed that the production of serotonin, which is important for preventing depression, decreases in folic acid deficiency. Foods rich in folic acid; liver, chicken and turkey, green leafy vegetables, whole grains, asparagus, cantaloupe, oranges and bananas.
C vitamin
C vitaminIt is a very important vitamin for having a strong immune system. Its deficiency can cause feelings of fatigue and sadness. Taking vitamin C is recommended to prevent physical and mental stress and reduce negative mood.
The best way to increase vitamin C levels in the body is to consume lots of citrus fruits. In addition, foods rich in vitamin C include: currants, kiwi, raspberry, raw red pepper, broccoli, spinach.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D It is an important vitamin that plays a role in many bodily functions. It provides protection against cancer, high blood pressure and other diseases. It helps relieve the symptoms of depression. People with depression have low vitamin D levels. Vitamin D is obtained from exposure to sunlight rather than from food. A few limited foods are also available, such as eggs and cod.
Zinc
Zinccontains important neurotransmitters for the nervous system. Its deficiency causes symptoms such as depression and fatigue. Zinc consumption is recommended in regulating depression and hormonal changes that occur during menopause. Foods rich in zinc include: seafood, fish, meat, nuts, pumpkin seeds, sesame, wheat, whole grains.
Magnesium
Magnesium, It is an essential mineral for physical and mental health. It has been found to prevent insomnia, anxiety, hyperactivity, panic attacks, phobia, stress and depression.
Foods rich in magnesium include milk and cheese, seafood, caviar, red meat, pumpkin seeds, quinoa, green leafy vegetables, and pears.
Do not take vitamins and minerals that are good for depression without consulting a doctor. It can have benefits as well as serious side effects.
What's Good for Depression? Herbal Treatments
There are also herbal treatments that are good for depression. Plants such as ginseng, lavender and chamomile are used to support the treatment. It usually works in cases of mild depression. Plants that are good for depression and supplements derived from them are:
Ginseng
In medicine, the ginseng plant is used to increase mental strength and reduce stress.
Daisy
Chamomile contains flavonoids that have an antidepressant effect.
Lavender
LavenderHelps reduce anxiety and insomnia. With this feature, it is effective in alleviating depression.
St. John's Wort
It is effective in cases of mild or moderate depression.
Safran
Saffron extract improves symptoms of depression.
There are also non-herbal supplements that can help treat depression:
S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe)
This is a synthetic form of a natural chemical in the body.
5-hydroxytryptophan
This increases serotonin, a neurotransmitter that affects a person's mood.
Omega-3 fatty acids
These fatty acids are found in cold-water fish, flaxseed, flax oil, walnuts, and some other foods. Omega-3 supplementation is being studied as a treatment for depression and depressive symptoms in people with bipolar disorder.
DHEA
DHEA It is a hormone produced by our body. Changes in the levels of this hormone have been associated with depression. Taking DHEA as a dietary supplement improves symptoms of depression.
Not: Some of the herbal supplements may interact with medications such as antidepressants. Always consult your doctor before using them.
Can depression be prevented?
Even if you're vulnerable to depression, you can take measures that can ease symptoms:
To exercise
avoiding harmful levels of alcohol and other substance use
improve sleep
Reducing anxiety with relaxation techniques
be active
being social
To summarize;
Depression symptoms such as crying for no reason, hopelessness, being empty, worthless, feeling guilty are situations that everyone can experience from time to time. However, if these symptoms last longer than 2 weeks and affect the person's life, the likelihood of depression increases.
Depression occurs as a result of disruption of the chemical balance in the brain. Events such as the loss of a loved one, change of job or home, sexual harassment, earthquake trigger depression. The biggest trigger in this disorder is stress.
Women are more likely to experience depression than men. This disease can also occur in children and adolescents. It can recur if left untreated or not taken care of.
The most widely used method in the treatment of the disease is psychotherapy. Antidepressant drugs are used in moderate to severe cases. In order to improve depression, some lifestyle changes should be made and nutrition should be considered. Exercising can alleviate the severity of the disease.
There are also some herbal treatments and supplements that are good for depression. B vitamins, folic acid, vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, magnesium are vitamins that can be used in disease. Ginseng, chamomile, saffron, lavender, St. John's Wort help to improve depression.
